{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1965358387","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ajibm.2015.53015","title":"Impact of Tangible and Intangible Rewards on Organizational Commitment: Evidence from the Textile Sector of Pakistan","display_name":"Impact of Tangible and Intangible Rewards on Organizational Commitment: Evidence from the Textile Sector of Pakistan","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1965358387","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ajibm.2015.53015","mag":"1965358387"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4236/ajibm.2015.53015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ajibm.2015.53015","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ajibm.2015.53015","pdf_url":"http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=55106","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764860561","display_name":"American Journal of Industrial and Business Management","issn_l":"2164-5167","issn":["2164-5167","2164-5175"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320480","host_organization_name":"Scientific Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Industrial and Business Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=55106","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008465356","display_name":"Shahnawaz Saqib","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7187-6072","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7187-6072"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194348271","display_name":"Government College University, Faisalabad","ror":"https://ror.org/051zgra59","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194348271"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahnawaz Saqib","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Business Administration, GC University, Faisalabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Business Administration, GC University, Faisalabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194348271"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079548885","display_name":"Muhammad Abrar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1128-5350","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1128-5350"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I505182","display_name":"National Textile University","ror":"https://ror.org/030dak672","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I505182"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Abrar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Business Administration, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Business Administration, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I505182"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028513510","display_name":"Hazoor Muhammad Sabir","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194348271","display_name":"Government College University, Faisalabad","ror":"https://ror.org/051zgra59","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194348271"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hazoor Muhammad Sabir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Business Administration, GC University, Faisalabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Business Administration, GC University, Faisalabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194348271"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064132125","display_name":"Mohsin Bashir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4783-6353","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4783-6353"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194348271","display_name":"Government College University, Faisalabad","ror":"https://ror.org/051zgra59","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194348271"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohsin Bashir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Business Administration, GC University, Faisalabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Business Administration, GC University, Faisalabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194348271"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078254341","display_name":"Sajjad Ahmad Baig","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7569-5383","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7569-5383","https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7450-1459"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I505182","display_name":"National Textile University","ror":"https://ror.org/030dak672","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I505182"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sajjad Ahmad Baig","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Business Administration, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Business Administration, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I505182"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064132125"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194348271"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":26.6222,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99462248,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"05","issue":"03","first_page":"138","last_page":"147"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14309","display_name":"Employee Performance and Management","score":0.9624000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14309","display_name":"Employee Performance and Management","score":0.9624000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10006","display_name":"Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior","score":0.03180000185966492,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12843","display_name":"Human Resource and Talent Management","score":0.0017000000225380063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tangible-rewards","display_name":"tangible rewards","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intangible-rewards","display_name":"intangible rewards","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-commitment","display_name":"organizational commitment","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collectivism","display_name":"collectivism","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/textile-industry","display_name":"textile industry","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employee-motivation","display_name":"employee motivation","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pakistan","display_name":"Pakistan","score":0.32600000500679016}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96420161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q237789","display_name":"Collectivism","level":3,"score":0.8900044560432434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6653213500976562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83030740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267236","display_name":"Organizational commitment","level":2,"score":0.6016733050346375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164767435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28823","display_name":"Textile","level":2,"score":0.4733303189277649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.4508138597011566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.3600960373878479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.28608277440071106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.20428764820098877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17022365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171995","display_name":"Individualism","level":2,"score":0.13495534658432007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.12543869018554688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4236/ajibm.2015.53015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ajibm.2015.53015","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ajibm.2015.53015","pdf_url":"http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=55106","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764860561","display_name":"American Journal of Industrial and Business Management","issn_l":"2164-5167","issn":["2164-5167","2164-5175"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320480","host_organization_name":"Scientific Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Industrial and Business Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4236/ajibm.2015.53015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ajibm.2015.53015","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ajibm.2015.53015","pdf_url":"http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=55106","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764860561","display_name":"American Journal of Industrial and Business Management","issn_l":"2164-5167","issn":["2164-5167","2164-5175"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320480","host_organization_name":"Scientific Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Industrial and Business Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.6452000141143799,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1965358387.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1965358387.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W579256604","https://openalex.org/W1517182855","https://openalex.org/W1853137968","https://openalex.org/W1971440513","https://openalex.org/W1990199118","https://openalex.org/W1996254382","https://openalex.org/W2005683348","https://openalex.org/W2036690668","https://openalex.org/W2038674454","https://openalex.org/W2041090984","https://openalex.org/W2044700011","https://openalex.org/W2061646465","https://openalex.org/W2068569565","https://openalex.org/W2076025404","https://openalex.org/W2083174051","https://openalex.org/W2093114961","https://openalex.org/W2121848940","https://openalex.org/W2125495071","https://openalex.org/W2135770787","https://openalex.org/W2140205964","https://openalex.org/W2161775636","https://openalex.org/W2163246690","https://openalex.org/W2170899200","https://openalex.org/W2184204320","https://openalex.org/W2291340570","https://openalex.org/W2346262072","https://openalex.org/W2769214501","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3194918846","https://openalex.org/W4251214468","https://openalex.org/W6930631062","https://openalex.org/W1993677857","https://openalex.org/W2247367767","https://openalex.org/W2119215676","https://openalex.org/W7096808571","https://openalex.org/W2041881127","https://openalex.org/W4281744625","https://openalex.org/W6948510196"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"explores":[2],"the":[3,14,20,75],"relationship":[4],"between":[5],"tangible":[6,52,66],"rewards,":[7],"intangible":[8,54,68],"rewards":[9,55,69],"and":[10,53,56,67,92],"organizational":[11,60,76],"commitment":[12],"with":[13,51,59],"mediating":[15,79],"role":[16,80],"of":[17,23,81],"collectivism":[18,47,82],"in":[19],"textile":[21],"sector":[22],"Pakistan.":[24],"In":[25],"total,":[26],"250":[27],"questionnaires":[28],"were":[29,37],"distributed.":[30],"The":[31],"response":[32],"rate":[33],"was":[34,48],"81%.":[35],"Data":[36],"analyzed":[38],"by":[39],"using":[40],"SPSS":[41],"(20.0)":[42],"software.":[43],"Results":[44],"showed":[45,64],"that":[46,65],"negatively":[49],"correlated":[50,58],"positively":[57],"commitment.":[61,77],"Further":[62],"results":[63],"had":[70],"a":[71],"significant":[72],"impact":[73],"on":[74],"Moreover,":[78],"has":[83],"also":[84],"been":[85,98],"proved.":[86],"Theoretical":[87],"&":[88],"managerial":[89],"implications,":[90],"recommendations":[91],"limitations":[93],"for":[94],"future":[95],"research":[96],"have":[97],"discussed.":[99]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}