{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1965340941","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.90.067902","title":"Topological Protection and Quantum Noiseless Subsystems","display_name":"Topological Protection and Quantum Noiseless Subsystems","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-02-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1965340941","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.90.067902","mag":"1965340941","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12633330"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1103/physrevlett.90.067902","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.90.067902","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.90.067902","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S24807848","display_name":"Physical Review Letters","issn_l":"0031-9007","issn":["0031-9007","1079-7114","1092-0145"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320261","host_organization_name":"American Physical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical Review Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/quant-ph/0208132","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019531261","display_name":"Paolo Zanardi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6747-8896","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6747-8896"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134940468","display_name":"Institute for Scientific Interchange","ror":"https://ror.org/00te2x188","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134940468"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163092","display_name":"Istituto Nazionale per la Fisica della Materia","ror":"https://ror.org/02kswma64","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236","https://openalex.org/I4210163092"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paolo Zanardi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Scientific Interchange Foundation and Istituto Nazionale per la Fisica della Materia, Viale Settimio Severo 65, I-10133 Torino, Italy","Institute for Scientific Interchange (ISI) Foundation and Istituto Nazionale per la Fisica della Materia (INFM), Viale Settimio Severo 65, I-10133 Torino, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Scientific Interchange Foundation and Istituto Nazionale per la Fisica della Materia, Viale Settimio Severo 65, I-10133 Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134940468","https://openalex.org/I4210163092"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Scientific Interchange (ISI) Foundation and Istituto Nazionale per la Fisica della Materia (INFM), Viale Settimio Severo 65, I-10133 Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134940468","https://openalex.org/I4210163092"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038060570","display_name":"Seth Lloyd","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0353-4529","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0353-4529"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seth Lloyd","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3750},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.4475,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":69,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98569895,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"90","issue":"6","first_page":"067902","last_page":"067902"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.5609999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.5609999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.1868000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11804","display_name":"Quantum many-body systems","score":0.14159999787807465,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topological-protection","display_name":"topological protection","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topological-quantum-computation","display_name":"topological quantum computation","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-tolerance","display_name":"fault tolerance","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-error-correction","display_name":"quantum error correction","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-coherence","display_name":"quantum coherence","score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topological-degrees-of-freedom","display_name":"topological degrees of freedom","score":0.9150000214576721}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.6459840536117554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.5706654787063599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169699857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122243","display_name":"Quantum information","level":3,"score":0.513041615486145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186468114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q836478","display_name":"Quantum network","level":4,"score":0.5034312605857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4999561309814453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781181686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4226068","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","level":2,"score":0.4825515151023865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.4122893512248993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3926752209663391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3495902419090271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33332235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362","display_name":"Theoretical physics","level":1,"score":0.3249872922897339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.23023706674575806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18514403700828552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1103/physrevlett.90.067902","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.90.067902","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.90.067902","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S24807848","display_name":"Physical Review Letters","issn_l":"0031-9007","issn":["0031-9007","1079-7114","1092-0145"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320261","host_organization_name":"American Physical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical Review Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:12633330","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12633330","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical review letters","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:quant-ph/0208132","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0208132","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/quant-ph/0208132","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:1686220825","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/quant-ph/0208132","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:cds.cern.ch:577298","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://cds.cern.ch/record/577298","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402195","display_name":"CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/0208132","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/0208132","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/0208132","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:quant-ph/0208132","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0208132","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/quant-ph/0208132","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1965340941.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1965340941.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W21223778","https://openalex.org/W1504717957","https://openalex.org/W1620538313","https://openalex.org/W1629173918","https://openalex.org/W1649619844","https://openalex.org/W1965228711","https://openalex.org/W1967300267","https://openalex.org/W1983727080","https://openalex.org/W1991904664","https://openalex.org/W2003132673","https://openalex.org/W2007536474","https://openalex.org/W2008791564","https://openalex.org/W2017964195","https://openalex.org/W2021685536","https://openalex.org/W2025206681","https://openalex.org/W2032617180","https://openalex.org/W2033003985","https://openalex.org/W2069711632","https://openalex.org/W2087256203","https://openalex.org/W2091331782","https://openalex.org/W2139625432","https://openalex.org/W2157371302","https://openalex.org/W2763302490","https://openalex.org/W3037315640","https://openalex.org/W3037347557","https://openalex.org/W4301652612"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1686220825","https://openalex.org/W2290382783","https://openalex.org/W1992977137","https://openalex.org/W2477463604","https://openalex.org/W2087528100","https://openalex.org/W2500625079","https://openalex.org/W6902678924","https://openalex.org/W7134072208","https://openalex.org/W4289690584","https://openalex.org/W2327530898"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Encoding":[0],"and":[1,67,74],"manipulation":[2],"of":[3,8,11,44,47],"quantum":[4,37,52,65,70],"information":[5,38,66],"by":[6],"means":[7],"topological":[9,34,73],"degrees":[10],"freedom":[12],"provides":[13,57],"a":[14,41,50],"promising":[15],"way":[16],"to":[17,36],"achieve":[18],"natural":[19],"fault":[20],"tolerance":[21],"that":[22,32],"is":[23,40],"built":[24],"in":[25,49,72],"at":[26],"the":[27,45,58],"physical":[28],"level.":[29],"We":[30],"show":[31],"this":[33],"approach":[35],"processing":[39],"particular":[42],"instance":[43],"notion":[46],"computation":[48],"noiseless":[51],"subsystem.":[53],"The":[54],"latter":[55],"then":[56],"most":[59],"general":[60],"conceptual":[61],"framework":[62],"for":[63,68],"stabilizing":[64],"preserving":[69],"coherence":[71],"geometric":[75],"systems.":[76]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
