{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1964996384","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1369106032000141931","title":"The operation of the informal venture capital market in Scotland","display_name":"The operation of the informal venture capital market in Scotland","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1964996384","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1369106032000141931","mag":"1964996384"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/1369106032000141931","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1369106032000141931","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1369106032000141931","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34941771","display_name":"Venture Capital","issn_l":"1369-1066","issn":["1369-1066","1464-5343"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-4","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Venture Capital","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100840507","display_name":"Paul Stuart","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stuart Paul","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075251989","display_name":"Geoff Whittam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2529-6736","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2529-6736"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geoff Whittam","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021210617","display_name":"Jim B Johnston","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jim B Johnston","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.9839,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":95,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97739037,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"4","first_page":"313","last_page":"335"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11903","display_name":"Private Equity and Venture Capital","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11903","display_name":"Private Equity and Venture Capital","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14464","display_name":"Community Development and Social Impact","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/angel-investors","display_name":"angel investors","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/informal-venture-capital","display_name":"informal venture capital","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entrepreneurial-finance","display_name":"entrepreneurial finance","score":0.3199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scotland","display_name":"Scotland","score":0.460999995470047}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75795011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q917904","display_name":"Typology","level":2,"score":0.8272610306739807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21279758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219409","display_name":"Venture capital","level":2,"score":0.724420964717865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.6919376254081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5309077501296997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5207274556159973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83646750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193893","display_name":"Capital (architecture)","level":2,"score":0.4472466707229614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.4028662443161011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.3482394218444824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.1286832094192505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1257515549659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.11825963854789734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/1369106032000141931","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1369106032000141931","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1369106032000141931","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34941771","display_name":"Venture Capital","issn_l":"1369-1066","issn":["1369-1066","1464-5343"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-4","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Venture Capital","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:taf:veecee:v:5:y:2003:i:4:p:313-335","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/1369106032000141931","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.5263000130653381}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W21588511","https://openalex.org/W1093344230","https://openalex.org/W2014793832","https://openalex.org/W2092117411","https://openalex.org/W2100579062","https://openalex.org/W2107273926","https://openalex.org/W2119780569","https://openalex.org/W2183922446"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2917264749","https://openalex.org/W970431191","https://openalex.org/W7014099600","https://openalex.org/W1995458822","https://openalex.org/W2014793832","https://openalex.org/W2208057114","https://openalex.org/W2014564812","https://openalex.org/W2275805655","https://openalex.org/W2031601902","https://openalex.org/W1985101338"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,100],"addresses":[2,101],"the":[3,16,37,70,73,107,112,131,143],"lack":[4,80,108],"of":[5,15,36,54,75,82,109,114,134,139,145],"knowledge":[6],"about":[7],"business":[8,31,55],"angels":[9,49,76,119],"based":[10,77,141],"in":[11,52,78,94],"Scotland.":[12],"An":[13],"understanding":[14],"informal":[17],"investment":[18],"market":[19],"is":[20,69,87,151],"important":[21],"given":[22],"that":[23,72,89],"Scotland":[24,79],"has":[25],"recently":[26],"achieved":[27],"devolved":[28],"powers":[29],"and":[30,57,60,64,85,130],"start-ups":[32],"are":[33,50],"a":[34,45,137],"priority":[35],"Scottish":[38],"Executive.":[39],"Based":[40],"upon":[41],"140":[42],"replies":[43],"to":[44,123],"survey":[46],"questionnaire,":[47],"investment-active":[48],"profiled":[51],"terms":[53],"background":[56],"experience,":[58],"motivation":[59],"investing":[61],"criteria,":[62],"behaviour":[63,133],"outcomes.":[65],"Of":[66],"particular":[67],"note":[68],"finding":[71],"majority":[74],"experience":[81],"small":[83],"businesses":[84],"it":[86],"argued":[88],"this":[90],"cannot":[91],"be":[92,121],"helpful":[93],"securing":[95],"deals":[96],"with":[97],"entrepreneurs.":[98],"The":[99],"how":[102,117],"entrepreneurs":[103],"can":[104,120],"target":[105],"angels,":[106,116,140],"\u2018investable\u2019":[110],"entrepreneurs,":[111],"role":[113],"experienced":[115],"nascent":[118],"encouraged":[122],"make":[124],"their":[125],"first":[126],"investment,":[127],"tax":[128],"breaks":[129],"search":[132],"angels.":[135],"Finally,":[136],"typology":[138],"on":[142],"number":[144],"investments":[146],"made":[147],"by":[148],"an":[149],"individual,":[150],"set":[152],"out.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
