{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1964837758","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5334/ai.1708","title":"Scaling the State: Egypt in the Third Millennium BC","display_name":"Scaling the State: Egypt in the Third Millennium BC","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-10-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1964837758","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5334/ai.1708","mag":"1964837758"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5334/ai.1708","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5334/ai.1708","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5334/ai.1708","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238200","display_name":"Archaeology International","issn_l":"1463-1725","issn":["1463-1725","2048-4194"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320511","host_organization_name":"Ubiquity Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320511"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Ubiquity Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Archaeology International","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5334/ai.1708","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090343992","display_name":"Richard Bu\u00dfmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9405-8398","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9405-8398"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Richard Bussmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["UCL Institute of Archaeology, London WC1H 0PY, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UCL Institute of Archaeology, London WC1H 0PY, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090343992"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.1868,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95220673,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12555","display_name":"Ancient Egypt and Archaeology","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology (arts and humanities)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12555","display_name":"Ancient Egypt and Archaeology","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology (arts and humanities)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10165","display_name":"Classical Antiquity Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13621","display_name":"Ancient and Medieval Archaeology Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology (arts and humanities)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/old-kingdom","display_name":"Old Kingdom","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-formation","display_name":"state formation","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"scale","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-administration","display_name":"centralized management","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/provincial-administration","display_name":"provincial administration","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elite-tombs","display_name":"elite tombs","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kingship","display_name":"kingship","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/third-millennium-bc","display_name":"3rd millennium BC","score":0.5270000100135803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775987171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192797","display_name":"Elite","level":3,"score":0.71900475025177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203458295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7269","display_name":"Monarchy","level":3,"score":0.7016372084617615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195244886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41493","display_name":"Ancient history","level":1,"score":0.5923759937286377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5907517671585083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74242886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4455079","display_name":"State formation","level":3,"score":0.5866983532905579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.5397774577140808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13801280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36732","display_name":"Kingdom","level":2,"score":0.5277983546257019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3284634053707123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.1892777383327484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.16326868534088135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.08689427375793457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.06872230768203735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.05783030390739441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.05463579297065735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5334/ai.1708","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5334/ai.1708","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5334/ai.1708","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238200","display_name":"Archaeology International","issn_l":"1463-1725","issn":["1463-1725","2048-4194"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320511","host_organization_name":"Ubiquity Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320511"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Ubiquity Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Archaeology International","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:propylaeumdok.uni-hd.de:4227","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/propylaeumdok/4227/1/Bussmann_Scaling_the_State_2014.pdf","pdf_url":"https://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/propylaeumdok/4227/1/Bussmann_Scaling_the_State_2014.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402333","display_name":"heiDOK (Heidelberg University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I223822909","host_organization_name":"Heidelberg University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2a5d2d92f672441896db29eca5df1115","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2a5d2d92f672441896db29eca5df1115","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Archaeology International, Vol 17, Iss 1 (2014)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ba2c450d5247446eaf238c2aef6da3fa","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ba2c450d5247446eaf238c2aef6da3fa","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Archaeology International, Vol 17, Pp 79-93 (2014)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:1452728","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1452728/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Archaeology International , 17 79 - 93. (2014)","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs.www.ai-journal.com:article/275","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ai-journal.com/jms/article/view/ai.1708","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Archaeology International; Vol 17 (2014); 79-93","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"doi:10.11588/propylaeumdok.00004227","doi":"https://doi.org/10.11588/propylaeumdok.00004227","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.11588/propylaeumdok.00004227","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051545","display_name":"University Library Heidelberg","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5334/ai.1708","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5334/ai.1708","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5334/ai.1708","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238200","display_name":"Archaeology International","issn_l":"1463-1725","issn":["1463-1725","2048-4194"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320511","host_organization_name":"Ubiquity Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320511"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Ubiquity Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Archaeology International","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":84,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W101689744","https://openalex.org/W134101762","https://openalex.org/W140604338","https://openalex.org/W189355795","https://openalex.org/W218158085","https://openalex.org/W275850004","https://openalex.org/W382819542","https://openalex.org/W387019691","https://openalex.org/W577463807","https://openalex.org/W588381224","https://openalex.org/W596918899","https://openalex.org/W599516406","https://openalex.org/W632269697","https://openalex.org/W635504058","https://openalex.org/W642825198","https://openalex.org/W645097870","https://openalex.org/W650486192","https://openalex.org/W802216173","https://openalex.org/W1540711987","https://openalex.org/W1548258539","https://openalex.org/W1555208054","https://openalex.org/W1572857662","https://openalex.org/W1601524534","https://openalex.org/W1993258841","https://openalex.org/W1994701218","https://openalex.org/W2006930095","https://openalex.org/W2029899133","https://openalex.org/W2030480919","https://openalex.org/W2049255621","https://openalex.org/W2081665184","https://openalex.org/W2121393013","https://openalex.org/W2129465496","https://openalex.org/W2133450345","https://openalex.org/W2146755454","https://openalex.org/W2162039787","https://openalex.org/W2168299508","https://openalex.org/W2173600455","https://openalex.org/W2198139146","https://openalex.org/W2256243779","https://openalex.org/W2258527028","https://openalex.org/W2312998806","https://openalex.org/W2314203389","https://openalex.org/W2323631350","https://openalex.org/W2324108103","https://openalex.org/W2325109037","https://openalex.org/W2325619224","https://openalex.org/W2332086051","https://openalex.org/W2395761427","https://openalex.org/W2420853196","https://openalex.org/W2444407618","https://openalex.org/W2468716913","https://openalex.org/W2474577897","https://openalex.org/W2494112626","https://openalex.org/W2497493049","https://openalex.org/W2522402572","https://openalex.org/W2525593468","https://openalex.org/W2570935146","https://openalex.org/W2586137098","https://openalex.org/W2599277050","https://openalex.org/W2798188373","https://openalex.org/W2806075677","https://openalex.org/W2910678189","https://openalex.org/W2945490274","https://openalex.org/W2972917591","https://openalex.org/W3008471587","https://openalex.org/W3015978582","https://openalex.org/W3043413032","https://openalex.org/W3099777431","https://openalex.org/W3101950244","https://openalex.org/W3140389923","https://openalex.org/W3154739585","https://openalex.org/W3180978773","https://openalex.org/W3210560726","https://openalex.org/W3214516623","https://openalex.org/W4211023529","https://openalex.org/W4213293124","https://openalex.org/W4252945887","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4405274134","https://openalex.org/W6634122586","https://openalex.org/W6692614037","https://openalex.org/W6720523340","https://openalex.org/W6723178988","https://openalex.org/W6727059767"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2292209961","https://openalex.org/W7120456572","https://openalex.org/W2499019083","https://openalex.org/W7108334634","https://openalex.org/W4230066116","https://openalex.org/W4248872584","https://openalex.org/W6981368710","https://openalex.org/W3095383722","https://openalex.org/W3130759632","https://openalex.org/W7108333802"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Discussions":[0],"of":[1,11,21,28,36,49,80,101,112,120],"the":[2,34,47,50,57,67,77,81,102,107,110,118],"early":[3,38,51],"Egyptian":[4,13,78],"state":[5,53,79,115],"suffer":[6],"from":[7,19],"a":[8,113],"weak":[9],"consideration":[10],"scale.":[12],"archaeologists":[14],"derive":[15],"their":[16],"arguments":[17],"primarily":[18],"evidence":[20],"court":[22],"cemeteries,":[23],"elite":[24],"tombs,":[25],"and":[26,40,71,122],"monuments":[27],"royal":[29],"display.":[30],"The":[31,99],"material":[32],"informs":[33],"analysis":[35],"kingship,":[37],"writing,":[39],"administration":[41,89],"but":[42,109],"it":[43,59],"remains":[44],"obscure":[45],"how":[46],"core":[48],"Pharaonic":[52],"was":[54],"embedded":[55],"in":[56],"territory":[58],"claimed":[60],"to":[61],"administer.":[62],"This":[63],"paper":[64],"suggests":[65],"that":[66],"relationship":[68],"between":[69],"centre":[70],"hinterland":[72],"is":[73],"key":[74],"for":[75],"scaling":[76],"Old":[82,103],"Kingdom":[83,104],"(ca.":[84],"2,700-2,200":[85],"BC).":[86],"Initially,":[87],"central":[88,121],"imagines":[90],"Egypt":[91],"using":[92],"models":[93],"at":[94],"variance":[95],"with":[96],"provincial":[97],"practice.":[98],"end":[100],"demarcates":[105],"not":[106],"collapse,":[108],"beginning":[111],"large-scale":[114],"characterized":[116],"by":[117],"coalescence":[119],"local":[123],"models.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}