{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1964754116","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2548","title":"On the origin of the open-circuit voltage of polymer\u2013fullerene solar cells","display_name":"On the origin of the open-circuit voltage of polymer\u2013fullerene solar cells","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-10-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1964754116","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2548","mag":"1964754116","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19820700"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/nmat2548","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2548","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2548","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103895331","display_name":"Nature Materials","issn_l":"1476-1122","issn":["1476-1122","1476-4660"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009368260","display_name":"Koen Vandewal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5471-383X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5471-383X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I878454856","display_name":"Hasselt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04nbhqj75","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I878454856"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Koen Vandewal","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMEC-IMOMEC, vzw, Institute for Materials Research, Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium. koen.vandewal@uhasselt.be","IMEC-IMOMEC, vzw, Institute for Materials Research, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMEC-IMOMEC, vzw, Institute for Materials Research, Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium. koen.vandewal@uhasselt.be","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974","https://openalex.org/I878454856"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMEC-IMOMEC, vzw, Institute for Materials Research, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974","https://openalex.org/I878454856"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010148235","display_name":"Kristofer Tvingstedt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0516-9326","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0516-9326"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102134673","display_name":"Link\u00f6ping University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ynxx418","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kristofer Tvingstedt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics, Center of Organic Electronics (COE), Chemistry and Biology, Link\u00f6ping University, 58183 Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics, Center of Organic Electronics (COE), Chemistry and Biology, Link\u00f6ping University, 58183 Link\u00f6ping, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113573442","display_name":"Abay Gadisa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6114-3609","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6114-3609"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I878454856","display_name":"Hasselt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04nbhqj75","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I878454856"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abay Gadisa","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMEC-IMOMEC, vzw, Institute for Materials Research, Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium","IMEC-IMOMEC, vzw, Institute for Materials Research, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMEC-IMOMEC, vzw, Institute for Materials Research, Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974","https://openalex.org/I878454856"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMEC-IMOMEC, vzw, Institute for Materials Research, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974","https://openalex.org/I878454856"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041512952","display_name":"Olle Ingan\u00e4s","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6243-1450","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6243-1450"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102134673","display_name":"Link\u00f6ping University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ynxx418","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olle Ingan\u00e4s","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics, Center of Organic Electronics (COE), Chemistry and Biology, Link\u00f6ping University, 58183 Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics, Center of Organic Electronics (COE), Chemistry and Biology, Link\u00f6ping University, 58183 Link\u00f6ping, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033850264","display_name":"Jean V. Manca","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3290-0308","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3290-0308"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I878454856","display_name":"Hasselt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04nbhqj75","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I878454856"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jean V. Manca","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMEC-IMOMEC, vzw, Institute for Materials Research, Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium","IMEC-IMOMEC, vzw, Institute for Materials Research, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMEC-IMOMEC, vzw, Institute for Materials Research, Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974","https://openalex.org/I878454856"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMEC-IMOMEC, vzw, Institute for Materials Research, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974","https://openalex.org/I878454856"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009368260"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974","https://openalex.org/I878454856"],"apc_list":{"value":12690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":12690},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":60.3157,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1233,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99967736,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"11","first_page":"904","last_page":"909"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10045","display_name":"Organic Electronics and Photovoltaics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10045","display_name":"Organic Electronics and Photovoltaics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10611","display_name":"Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Research","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10956","display_name":"Fullerene Chemistry and Applications","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1605","display_name":"Organic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-circuit-voltage","display_name":"open-circuit voltage","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polymer-fullerene-blends","display_name":"polymer-fullerene blends","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-solar-cells","display_name":"organic solar cells","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charge-transfer-complexes","display_name":"charge-transfer complexes","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detailed-balance","display_name":"detailed balance","score":0.578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quasi-equilibrium-theory","display_name":"quasi-equilibrium theory","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-conversion-efficiency","display_name":"power conversion efficiency","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conjugated-polymers","display_name":"conjugated polymers","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/c60","display_name":"C60","score":0.47600001096725464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162862793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178026","display_name":"Fullerene","level":2,"score":0.751203715801239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57631264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1812203","display_name":"Open-circuit voltage","level":3,"score":0.7261302471160889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.723763108253479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91614233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1472888","display_name":"Organic solar cell","level":3,"score":0.6450107097625732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.6287742853164673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.5886595845222473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66187686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1472888","display_name":"Polymer solar cell","level":3,"score":0.5396834015846252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779892579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912138","display_name":"Acceptor","level":2,"score":0.5264157652854919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206991015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192704","display_name":"Energy conversion efficiency","level":2,"score":0.5221890807151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58842153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3664274","display_name":"Hybrid solar cell","level":4,"score":0.5195115804672241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.4598764479160309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68583231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206907","display_name":"Short circuit","level":3,"score":0.4207141697406769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159467904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001702","display_name":"Chemical physics","level":1,"score":0.4062119722366333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.3787258565425873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.3780372142791748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.16279277205467224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.13593387603759766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.06166738271713257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004563","descriptor_name":"Electrochemistry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009930","descriptor_name":"Organic Chemicals","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010777","descriptor_name":"Photochemistry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011108","descriptor_name":"Polymers","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013499","descriptor_name":"Surface Properties","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D037741","descriptor_name":"Fullerenes","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/nmat2548","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2548","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2548","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103895331","display_name":"Nature Materials","issn_l":"1476-1122","issn":["1476-1122","1476-4660"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:19820700","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19820700","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature materials","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:documentserver.uhasselt.be:1942/9992","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1942/9992","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401926","display_name":"Document Server@UHasselt (UHasselt)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I878454856","host_organization_name":"Hasselt University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I878454856"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8967999815940857}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W341192253","https://openalex.org/W656131698","https://openalex.org/W1543187317","https://openalex.org/W1677708366","https://openalex.org/W1965051417","https://openalex.org/W1966346571","https://openalex.org/W1969952251","https://openalex.org/W1975762709","https://openalex.org/W1977840580","https://openalex.org/W1979162682","https://openalex.org/W1981328983","https://openalex.org/W1991733573","https://openalex.org/W1995173183","https://openalex.org/W1996291528","https://openalex.org/W2000344977","https://openalex.org/W2003293032","https://openalex.org/W2015105690","https://openalex.org/W2018384868","https://openalex.org/W2019949060","https://openalex.org/W2021420849","https://openalex.org/W2027046261","https://openalex.org/W2029637177","https://openalex.org/W2041801307","https://openalex.org/W2047951832","https://openalex.org/W2048495798","https://openalex.org/W2048972050","https://openalex.org/W2054048682","https://openalex.org/W2068532313","https://openalex.org/W2080548811","https://openalex.org/W2084082806","https://openalex.org/W2084868936","https://openalex.org/W2090894176","https://openalex.org/W2097292371","https://openalex.org/W2108477527","https://openalex.org/W2122632033","https://openalex.org/W2132012759","https://openalex.org/W2133899668","https://openalex.org/W2152272597","https://openalex.org/W2153028269","https://openalex.org/W2158767568","https://openalex.org/W2164340598","https://openalex.org/W2170456537","https://openalex.org/W2464235961","https://openalex.org/W4211160986"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2110844557","https://openalex.org/W1985429712","https://openalex.org/W2115922749","https://openalex.org/W2161852394","https://openalex.org/W2000344977","https://openalex.org/W1995173183","https://openalex.org/W2145038272","https://openalex.org/W2131748431","https://openalex.org/W2079794299","https://openalex.org/W2145972146"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":45},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":62},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":77},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":68},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":72},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":94},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":82},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":101},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":101},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":103},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":115},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":108}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
