{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1964657193","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1089/aid.2012.0182","title":"Diversity of HIV Type 1 and Drug Resistance Mutations Among Injecting Drug Users in Kenya","display_name":"Diversity of HIV Type 1 and Drug Resistance Mutations Among Injecting Drug Users in Kenya","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-08-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1964657193","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1089/aid.2012.0182","mag":"1964657193","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22856626"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1089/aid.2012.0182","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1089/aid.2012.0182","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1089/aid.2012.0182","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S161282271","display_name":"AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses","issn_l":"0889-2229","issn":["0889-2229","1931-8405"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320443","host_organization_name":"Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320443","https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047163566","display_name":"Saida Osman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2841861","display_name":"Kenya Medical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04r1cxt79","country_code":"KE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2841861"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saida Osman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kenya Medical Research Institute","Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kenya Medical Research Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2841861"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2841861"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041025587","display_name":"Raphael Wekesa Lihana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1943-4920","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1943-4920"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10091056","display_name":"Kanazawa University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hwp6a56","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10091056"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2841861","display_name":"Kenya Medical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04r1cxt79","country_code":"KE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2841861"]}],"countries":["JP","KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raphael W. Lihana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kanazawa University","Kenya Medical Research Institute","Department of Viral Infection and International Health, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan","Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kanazawa University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10091056"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kenya Medical Research Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2841861"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Viral Infection and International Health, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10091056"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2841861"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008151270","display_name":"Rukia M. Kibaya","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2841861","display_name":"Kenya Medical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04r1cxt79","country_code":"KE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2841861"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rukia M. Kibaya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kenya Medical Research Institute","Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kenya Medical Research Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2841861"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2841861"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110698310","display_name":"Azumi Ishizaki","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10091056","display_name":"Kanazawa University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hwp6a56","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10091056"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Azumi Ishizaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kanazawa University","Department of Viral Infection and International Health, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kanazawa University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10091056"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Viral Infection and International Health, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10091056"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063847275","display_name":"Xiuqiong Bi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5569-1724","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5569-1724"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10091056","display_name":"Kanazawa University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hwp6a56","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10091056"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiuqiong Bi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kanazawa University","Department of Viral Infection and International Health, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kanazawa University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10091056"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Viral Infection and International Health, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10091056"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109143844","display_name":"Fredrick A. Okoth","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2841861","display_name":"Kenya Medical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04r1cxt79","country_code":"KE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2841861"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fredrick A. Okoth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kenya Medical Research Institute","Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kenya Medical Research Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2841861"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2841861"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101425835","display_name":"Hiroshi Ichimura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4478-1964","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4478-1964"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10091056","display_name":"Kanazawa University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hwp6a56","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10091056"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hiroshi Ichimura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kanazawa University","Department of Viral Infection and International Health, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kanazawa University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10091056"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Viral Infection and International Health, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10091056"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022392243","display_name":"Raphael Lwembe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5877-1367","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5877-1367"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2841861","display_name":"Kenya Medical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04r1cxt79","country_code":"KE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2841861"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Raphael M. Lwembe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kenya Medical Research Institute","Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kenya Medical Research Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2841861"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2841861"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022392243"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2841861"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8941,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73126513,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"1","first_page":"187","last_page":"190"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10526","display_name":"HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment","score":0.9057999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10526","display_name":"HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment","score":0.9057999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.04390000179409981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11860","display_name":"HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk","score":0.02850000001490116,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-1","display_name":"HIV-1","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/people-who-inject-drugs","display_name":"people who inject drugs","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-drug-resistance","display_name":"HIV drug resistance","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-1-subtypes","display_name":"HIV-1 subtypes","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-1-genetic-diversity","display_name":"HIV-1 genetic diversity","score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nucleoside-reverse-transcriptase-inhibitors","display_name":"nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-nucleoside-reverse-transcriptase-inhibitors","display_name":"non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antiretroviral-therapy","display_name":"antiretroviral therapy","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-transmission","display_name":"HIV transmission","score":0.3959999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kenya","display_name":"Kenya","score":0.8220000267028809}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182707283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7315622","display_name":"Resistance mutation","level":5,"score":0.7511019706726074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114851261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12147416","display_name":"Drug resistance","level":2,"score":0.7392143607139587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156719811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28774","display_name":"Reverse transcriptase","level":4,"score":0.6326483488082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5807997584342957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5771018266677856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386","display_name":"Drug","level":2,"score":0.5733149647712708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.5692019462585449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778451633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5629934","display_name":"HIV drug resistance","level":5,"score":0.537537157535553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.535396158695221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777351918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421559","display_name":"Reverse-transcriptase inhibitor","level":5,"score":0.4438619613647461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187651312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114","display_name":"Kenya","level":2,"score":0.43455901741981506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49105822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176996","display_name":"Polymerase chain reaction","level":3,"score":0.3396872878074646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3013748606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15787","display_name":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","level":2,"score":0.33760586380958557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2886468172073364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.2548246383666992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776452011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q311463","display_name":"Sida","level":4,"score":0.2516011893749237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142462285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2528140","display_name":"Viral load","level":3,"score":0.2503437399864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.2392444908618927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780727368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1928978","display_name":"Viral disease","level":3,"score":0.21165189146995544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993143319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583050","display_name":"Antiretroviral therapy","level":4,"score":0.15259283781051636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.12559780478477478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.10463204979896545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.07355573773384094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001483","descriptor_name":"Base Sequence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007630","descriptor_name":"Kenya","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008969","descriptor_name":"Molecular Sequence Data","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009154","descriptor_name":"Mutation","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010802","descriptor_name":"Phylogeny","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015497","descriptor_name":"HIV-1","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015497","descriptor_name":"HIV-1","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000821","qualifier_name":"virology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015819","descriptor_name":"Substance Abuse, Intravenous","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015819","descriptor_name":"Substance Abuse, Intravenous","qualifier_ui":"Q000821","qualifier_name":"virology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019380","descriptor_name":"Anti-HIV Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D024882","descriptor_name":"Drug Resistance, Viral","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1089/aid.2012.0182","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1089/aid.2012.0182","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1089/aid.2012.0182","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S161282271","display_name":"AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses","issn_l":"0889-2229","issn":["0889-2229","1931-8405"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320443","host_organization_name":"Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320443","https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:22856626","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22856626","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9537000060081482}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5710306215","display_name":"Comparison of the virologic and host characteristics between HIV-1-infected Kenyan children with rapid and slow disease progression","funder_award_id":"23406013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318231","display_name":"Kanazawa University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hwp6a56"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1509609699","https://openalex.org/W1581034429","https://openalex.org/W1977736949","https://openalex.org/W2007305758","https://openalex.org/W2020334724","https://openalex.org/W2021840422","https://openalex.org/W2070516890","https://openalex.org/W2074023148","https://openalex.org/W2090024638","https://openalex.org/W2111833316","https://openalex.org/W2118743377","https://openalex.org/W2133039181"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977736949","https://openalex.org/W4211175117","https://openalex.org/W2109470499","https://openalex.org/W1690258725","https://openalex.org/W2160122402","https://openalex.org/W7052034226","https://openalex.org/W7164485823","https://openalex.org/W7139094567","https://openalex.org/W3109763935","https://openalex.org/W3202487289"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Drug":[0],"use":[1],"in":[2,15,50,142],"Kenya":[3],"dates":[4],"back":[5],"to":[6,17,152,158],"the":[7],"precolonial":[8],"period":[9],"but":[10],"research":[11],"among":[12,36,132,156],"drug":[13,34,38,100],"users":[14,39],"relation":[16],"human":[18],"immunodeficiency":[19],"virus":[20],"(HIV)-associated":[21],"risk":[22],"and":[23,33,54,63,80,94,120,129,139],"intervention":[24],"strategies":[25],"has":[26],"been":[27],"low.":[28],"To":[29],"evaluate":[30],"HIV-1":[31,57,71,87],"diversity":[32],"resistance":[35,101],"injecting":[37],"(IDUs),":[40],"a":[41],"cross-sectional":[42],"study":[43],"involving":[44],"58":[45],"patients":[46],"was":[47,59,74,78,102],"carried":[48],"out":[49],"Mombasa":[51],"between":[52],"February":[53],"March":[55],"2010.":[56],"RNA":[58],"extracted":[60],"from":[61],"plasma":[62],"polymerase":[64],"chain":[65],"reaction":[66],"using":[67],"specific":[68],"primers":[69],"for":[70],"reverse":[72,109],"transcriptase":[73,110],"done.":[75],"Population":[76],"sequencing":[77],"done":[79],"subtypes":[81,88],"were":[82,89],"determined":[83],"phylogenetically.":[84],"The":[85,97],"prevalent":[86],"A1":[90],"(52/58),":[91],"D":[92],"(5/58),":[93],"C":[95],"(2/58).":[96],"prevalence":[98],"of":[99,107,162],"13.8%":[103],"(8/58)":[104],"with":[105],"detection":[106],"nucleoside":[108],"inhibitor":[111],"(NRTI)":[112],"mutations,":[113],"T215F":[114],"(n=5),":[115],"K219Q":[116],"(n=3),":[117],"M184V":[118],"(n=1),":[119],"nonnucleoside":[121],"RTI":[122],"mutation,":[123],"K103N":[124],"(n=1).":[125],"Antiretroviral":[126],"therapy":[127],"(ART)":[128],"its":[130],"monitoring":[131],"infected":[133],"Kenyan":[134],"IDUs":[135,157],"is":[136],"feasible.":[137],"Policymakers":[138],"service":[140,148],"providers":[141],"HIV":[143],"prevention":[144],"initiatives":[145],"should":[146],"improve":[147],"delivery":[149],"so":[150],"as":[151],"measure":[153],"ART":[154],"coverage":[155],"prevent":[159],"further":[160],"transmission":[161],"drug-resistant":[163],"variants.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}