{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1964567439","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s005230070003","title":"The Prevalence of Venous Disease by Gender and Ethnicity in a Balanced Sample of Four Ethnic Groups in Southern California","display_name":"The Prevalence of Venous Disease by Gender and Ethnicity in a Balanced Sample of Four Ethnic Groups in Southern California","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1964567439","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s005230070003","mag":"1964567439"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s005230070003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s005230070003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s005230070003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S124867825","display_name":"Phlebology The Journal of Venous Disease","issn_l":"0268-3555","issn":["0268-3555","1758-1125"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Phlebology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s005230070003","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104110437","display_name":"Robert D. Langer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. D. Langer","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002475361","display_name":"Michael H. Criqui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0425-9661","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0425-9661"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. H. Criqui","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005318188","display_name":"Julie O. Denenberg","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Denenberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051434852","display_name":"Arnost Fronek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5424-799X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5424-799X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Fronek","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"],"apc_list":{"value":4150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4150},"apc_paid":{"value":4150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4150},"fwci":0.8099,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71841626,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"3","first_page":"99","last_page":"105"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11453","display_name":"Diagnosis and Treatment of Venous Diseases","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11453","display_name":"Diagnosis and Treatment of Venous Diseases","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12342","display_name":"Vascular anomalies and interventions","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10285","display_name":"Venous Thromboembolism Diagnosis and Management","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2724","display_name":"Internal Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/venous-disease","display_name":"venous disease","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prevalence","display_name":"prevalence","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-differences","display_name":"gender differences","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethnicity","display_name":"ethnicity","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telangiectasia","display_name":"telangiectasia","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/varicose-veins","display_name":"varicose veins","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/superficial-venous-disease","display_name":"superficial venous disease","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age","display_name":"age","score":0.4869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-differences","display_name":"racial differences","score":0.546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/southern-california","display_name":"Southern California","score":0.5360000133514404}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910980626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1634800","display_name":"Telangiectases","level":3,"score":0.900607168674469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.8563026189804077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6809490323066711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777475103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201180","display_name":"Varicose veins","level":2,"score":0.612450897693634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.5815008282661438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.5321494936943054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142052008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954027","display_name":"Cross-sectional study","level":2,"score":0.49836206436157227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.468436062335968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776330896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1634800","display_name":"Telangiectasia","level":2,"score":0.2819642722606659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.17124587297439575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.1488519012928009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.11015185713768005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s005230070003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s005230070003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s005230070003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S124867825","display_name":"Phlebology The Journal of Venous Disease","issn_l":"0268-3555","issn":["0268-3555","1758-1125"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Phlebology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1177/026835550001500303","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/026835550001500303","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/026835550001500303","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S124867825","display_name":"Phlebology The Journal of Venous Disease","issn_l":"0268-3555","issn":["0268-3555","1758-1125"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s005230070003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s005230070003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s005230070003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S124867825","display_name":"Phlebology The Journal of Venous Disease","issn_l":"0268-3555","issn":["0268-3555","1758-1125"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Phlebology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9940000176429749,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7390999794006348,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W119764629","https://openalex.org/W1977843926","https://openalex.org/W1992806887","https://openalex.org/W1995080680","https://openalex.org/W2051482918","https://openalex.org/W2094418685","https://openalex.org/W2400055742","https://openalex.org/W2412878801"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7095158577","https://openalex.org/W2095294819","https://openalex.org/W30411269","https://openalex.org/W2115639727","https://openalex.org/W1995080680","https://openalex.org/W1413741116","https://openalex.org/W2031869252","https://openalex.org/W1966705314","https://openalex.org/W2061094791","https://openalex.org/W4229937756"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Objective:":[0],"To":[1],"determine":[2],"the":[3],"prevalence":[4],"of":[5,47,50,78,82,117,121],"venous":[6,61],"disease":[7,62,112,127,154],"in":[8,76,91,95,115,130,158],"a":[9,44],"community.":[10],"Design:":[11],"Cross-sectional":[12],"study":[13],"Setting:":[14],"Southern":[15],"California":[16],"university.":[17],"Participants:":[18],"Current":[19],"and":[20,24,39,53,59,69,80,88,93,104,119,143],"retired":[21],"university":[22],"employees":[23],"spouses":[25],"were":[26,74,89,102,155],"randomly":[27],"invited":[28],"within":[29],"strata":[30],"based":[31],"on":[32],"gender,":[33,141],"ethnicity":[34],"(Caucasian,":[35],"Hispanic,":[36],"Black,":[37],"Asian)":[38],"age.":[40,144],"These":[41],"analyses":[42],"used":[43],"random":[45],"subsample":[46],"75":[48],"participants":[49],"each":[51],"gender":[52,133],"ethnicity.":[54],"Main":[55],"outcome":[56],"measures:":[57],"Cosmetic":[58],"functional":[60,111],"determined":[63],"by":[64,140,148],"standardised":[65],"examination":[66],"including":[67],"ultrasound":[68],"visual":[70],"inspection.":[71],"Results:":[72],"Telangiectases":[73,138],"present":[75,129],"83%":[77],"women":[79,118],"51%":[81],"men.":[83],"Rates":[84],"increased":[85],"with":[86,106],"age":[87],"highest":[90],"Caucasians":[92],"lowest":[94],"Blacks.":[96],"Corresponding":[97],"rates":[98],"for":[99],"varicose":[100],"veins":[101,146],"33%":[103],"17%":[105],"no":[107],"ethnic":[108,124,135],"differences.":[109],"Superficial":[110],"was":[113,128],"found":[114],"26%":[116],"15%":[120],"men,":[122],"without":[123,132],"variation.":[125],"Deep":[126],"11%":[131],"or":[134],"effects.":[136],"Conclusions:":[137],"varied":[139,147],"ethnicity,":[142],"Varicose":[145],"gender.":[149],"All":[150],"conditions":[151],"except":[152],"deep":[153],"more":[156],"common":[157],"women.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}