{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1964550177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1067/mpd.2001.110979","title":"Excitatory amino acid concentrations in ventricular cerebrospinal fluid after severe traumatic brain injury in infants and children: The role of child abuse","display_name":"Excitatory amino acid concentrations in ventricular cerebrospinal fluid after severe traumatic brain injury in infants and children: The role of child abuse","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1964550177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1067/mpd.2001.110979","mag":"1964550177","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11148507"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1067/mpd.2001.110979","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1067/mpd.2001.110979","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1067/mpd.2001.110979","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3774022","display_name":"The Journal of Pediatrics","issn_l":"0022-3476","issn":["0022-3476","1085-8695","1097-6833"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Pediatrics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022417440","display_name":"Randall A. Ruppel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110523","display_name":"Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01nh3sx96","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210110523","https://openalex.org/I4210133905","https://openalex.org/I4210147340"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130600","display_name":"Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/03763ep67","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098814","https://openalex.org/I4210130600","https://openalex.org/I4210134769"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133905","display_name":"VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System","ror":"https://ror.org/02qm18h86","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210133905","https://openalex.org/I4210147340"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Randall A. Ruppel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA","Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Pediatrics, Neurological Surgery, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Public Health, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","the Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317","https://openalex.org/I4210130600"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Pediatrics, Neurological Surgery, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Public Health, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317","https://openalex.org/I4210130600"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110523","https://openalex.org/I4210133905"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080778824","display_name":"Patrick Michael Kochanek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2627-913X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2627-913X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110523","display_name":"Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01nh3sx96","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210110523","https://openalex.org/I4210133905","https://openalex.org/I4210147340"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130600","display_name":"Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/03763ep67","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098814","https://openalex.org/I4210130600","https://openalex.org/I4210134769"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133905","display_name":"VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System","ror":"https://ror.org/02qm18h86","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210133905","https://openalex.org/I4210147340"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick M. Kochanek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Pediatrics, Neurological Surgery, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Public Health, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and the Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Pediatrics, Neurological Surgery, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Public Health, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","the Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Pediatrics, Neurological Surgery, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Public Health, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and the Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317","https://openalex.org/I4210110523","https://openalex.org/I4210130600","https://openalex.org/I4210133905"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Pediatrics, Neurological Surgery, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Public Health, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317","https://openalex.org/I4210130600"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110523","https://openalex.org/I4210133905"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112527488","display_name":"P. David Adelson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9562-143X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9562-143X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110523","display_name":"Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01nh3sx96","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210110523","https://openalex.org/I4210133905","https://openalex.org/I4210147340"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130600","display_name":"Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/03763ep67","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098814","https://openalex.org/I4210130600","https://openalex.org/I4210134769"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133905","display_name":"VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System","ror":"https://ror.org/02qm18h86","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210133905","https://openalex.org/I4210147340"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P.David Adelson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Pediatrics, Neurological Surgery, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Public Health, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and the Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Pediatrics, Neurological Surgery, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Public Health, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","the Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Pediatrics, Neurological Surgery, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Public Health, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and the Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317","https://openalex.org/I4210110523","https://openalex.org/I4210130600","https://openalex.org/I4210133905"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Pediatrics, Neurological Surgery, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Public Health, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317","https://openalex.org/I4210130600"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110523","https://openalex.org/I4210133905"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112836899","display_name":"Marie E. Rose","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110523","display_name":"Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01nh3sx96","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210110523","https://openalex.org/I4210133905","https://openalex.org/I4210147340"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130600","display_name":"Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/03763ep67","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098814","https://openalex.org/I4210130600","https://openalex.org/I4210134769"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133905","display_name":"VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System","ror":"https://ror.org/02qm18h86","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210133905","https://openalex.org/I4210147340"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marie E. Rose","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Pediatrics, Neurological Surgery, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Public Health, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and the Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Pediatrics, Neurological Surgery, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Public Health, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","the Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Pediatrics, Neurological Surgery, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Public Health, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and the Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317","https://openalex.org/I4210110523","https://openalex.org/I4210130600","https://openalex.org/I4210133905"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Pediatrics, Neurological Surgery, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Public Health, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317","https://openalex.org/I4210130600"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110523","https://openalex.org/I4210133905"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062088708","display_name":"Stephen R. Wisniewski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3877-9860","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3877-9860"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110523","display_name":"Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01nh3sx96","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210110523","https://openalex.org/I4210133905","https://openalex.org/I4210147340"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130600","display_name":"Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/03763ep67","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098814","https://openalex.org/I4210130600","https://openalex.org/I4210134769"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133905","display_name":"VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System","ror":"https://ror.org/02qm18h86","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210133905","https://openalex.org/I4210147340"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen R. Wisniewski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Pediatrics, Neurological Surgery, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Public Health, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and the Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Pediatrics, Neurological Surgery, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Public Health, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","the Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Pediatrics, Neurological Surgery, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Public Health, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and the Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317","https://openalex.org/I4210110523","https://openalex.org/I4210130600","https://openalex.org/I4210133905"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Pediatrics, Neurological Surgery, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Public Health, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317","https://openalex.org/I4210130600"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110523","https://openalex.org/I4210133905"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102750155","display_name":"Michael J. Bell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-901X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-901X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110523","display_name":"Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01nh3sx96","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210110523","https://openalex.org/I4210133905","https://openalex.org/I4210147340"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130600","display_name":"Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/03763ep67","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098814","https://openalex.org/I4210130600","https://openalex.org/I4210134769"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133905","display_name":"VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System","ror":"https://ror.org/02qm18h86","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210133905","https://openalex.org/I4210147340"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael J. Bell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Pediatrics, Neurological Surgery, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Public Health, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and the Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Pediatrics, Neurological Surgery, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Public Health, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","the Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Pediatrics, Neurological Surgery, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Public Health, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and the Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317","https://openalex.org/I4210110523","https://openalex.org/I4210130600","https://openalex.org/I4210133905"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Pediatrics, Neurological Surgery, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Public Health, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317","https://openalex.org/I4210130600"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110523","https://openalex.org/I4210133905"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058521832","display_name":"Robert S. B. Clark","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0806-8005","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0806-8005"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110523","display_name":"Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01nh3sx96","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210110523","https://openalex.org/I4210133905","https://openalex.org/I4210147340"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130600","display_name":"Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/03763ep67","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098814","https://openalex.org/I4210130600","https://openalex.org/I4210134769"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133905","display_name":"VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System","ror":"https://ror.org/02qm18h86","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210133905","https://openalex.org/I4210147340"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert S.B. Clark","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Pediatrics, Neurological Surgery, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Public Health, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and the Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Pediatrics, Neurological Surgery, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Public Health, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","the Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Pediatrics, Neurological Surgery, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Public Health, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and the Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317","https://openalex.org/I4210110523","https://openalex.org/I4210130600","https://openalex.org/I4210133905"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Pediatrics, Neurological Surgery, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Public Health, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317","https://openalex.org/I4210130600"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110523","https://openalex.org/I4210133905"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061530547","display_name":"Donald W. Marion","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4627-7702","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4627-7702"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110523","display_name":"Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01nh3sx96","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210110523","https://openalex.org/I4210133905","https://openalex.org/I4210147340"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130600","display_name":"Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/03763ep67","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098814","https://openalex.org/I4210130600","https://openalex.org/I4210134769"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133905","display_name":"VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System","ror":"https://ror.org/02qm18h86","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210133905","https://openalex.org/I4210147340"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Donald W. Marion","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Pediatrics, Neurological Surgery, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Public Health, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and the Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Pediatrics, Neurological Surgery, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Public Health, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","the Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Pediatrics, Neurological Surgery, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Public Health, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and the Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317","https://openalex.org/I4210110523","https://openalex.org/I4210130600","https://openalex.org/I4210133905"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Pediatrics, Neurological Surgery, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Public Health, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317","https://openalex.org/I4210130600"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110523","https://openalex.org/I4210133905"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088275272","display_name":"Steven H. Graham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1718-2547","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1718-2547"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110523","display_name":"Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01nh3sx96","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210110523","https://openalex.org/I4210133905","https://openalex.org/I4210147340"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130600","display_name":"Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/03763ep67","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098814","https://openalex.org/I4210130600","https://openalex.org/I4210134769"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133905","display_name":"VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System","ror":"https://ror.org/02qm18h86","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210133905","https://openalex.org/I4210147340"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven H. Graham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Pediatrics, Neurological Surgery, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Public Health, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and the Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Pediatrics, Neurological Surgery, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Public Health, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","the Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Pediatrics, Neurological Surgery, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Public Health, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and the Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317","https://openalex.org/I4210110523","https://openalex.org/I4210130600","https://openalex.org/I4210133905"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Pediatrics, Neurological Surgery, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Public Health, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317","https://openalex.org/I4210130600"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110523","https://openalex.org/I4210133905"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4570,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4570},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.5645,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":128,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97699802,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"138","issue":"1","first_page":"18","last_page":"25"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10706","display_name":"Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10706","display_name":"Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10416","display_name":"Traumatic Brain Injury Research","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12235","display_name":"Child Abuse and Related Trauma","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/excitatory-amino-acids","display_name":"excitatory amino acids","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cerebrospinal-fluid","display_name":"cerebrospinal fluid","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traumatic-brain-injury","display_name":"traumatic brain injury","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pediatric-head-injury","display_name":"pediatric head injury","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/child-abuse","display_name":"child abuse","score":0.6520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glutamate","display_name":"glutamate","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glycine","display_name":"glycine","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aspartate","display_name":"aspartic acid","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/excitotoxicity","display_name":"excitotoxicity","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cerebral-ischemia","display_name":"cerebral ischemia","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secondary-neuronal-injury","display_name":"secondary neuronal injury","score":0.6039999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prognosis-prediction","display_name":"outcome prediction","score":0.414000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infants","display_name":"infants","score":0.8799999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8137710094451904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781012912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901117","display_name":"Excitotoxicity","level":4,"score":0.808002233505249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781017439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1995526","display_name":"Traumatic brain injury","level":2,"score":0.7857586145401001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779651940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54196","display_name":"Cerebrospinal fluid","level":2,"score":0.7647703289985657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61174792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420510","display_name":"Glutamate receptor","level":3,"score":0.6550832986831665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.49737146496772766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3891361355781555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.36580950021743774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.11688247323036194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000367","descriptor_name":"Age Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001224","descriptor_name":"Aspartic Acid","qualifier_ui":"Q000134","qualifier_name":"cerebrospinal fluid","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001930","descriptor_name":"Brain Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001930","descriptor_name":"Brain Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000134","qualifier_name":"cerebrospinal fluid","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001930","descriptor_name":"Brain Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001930","descriptor_name":"Brain Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002545","descriptor_name":"Brain Ischemia","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002552","descriptor_name":"Cerebral Ventricles","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002649","descriptor_name":"Child Abuse","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005998","descriptor_name":"Glycine","qualifier_ui":"Q000134","qualifier_name":"cerebrospinal fluid","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006233","descriptor_name":"Persons with Disabilities","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007223","descriptor_name":"Infant","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011379","descriptor_name":"Prognosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015600","descriptor_name":"Glasgow Coma Scale","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016019","descriptor_name":"Survival Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016022","descriptor_name":"Case-Control Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018698","descriptor_name":"Glutamic Acid","qualifier_ui":"Q000134","qualifier_name":"cerebrospinal fluid","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018846","descriptor_name":"Excitatory Amino Acids","qualifier_ui":"Q000134","qualifier_name":"cerebrospinal fluid","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D023261","descriptor_name":"Glasgow Outcome Scale","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1067/mpd.2001.110979","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1067/mpd.2001.110979","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1067/mpd.2001.110979","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3774022","display_name":"The Journal of Pediatrics","issn_l":"0022-3476","issn":["0022-3476","1085-8695","1097-6833"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Pediatrics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:11148507","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11148507","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of pediatrics","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9940000176429749}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W74801939","https://openalex.org/W1222717172","https://openalex.org/W1533853049","https://openalex.org/W1534709134","https://openalex.org/W1615962948","https://openalex.org/W1843389589","https://openalex.org/W1957958801","https://openalex.org/W1970863115","https://openalex.org/W1994712329","https://openalex.org/W2003242435","https://openalex.org/W2008005880","https://openalex.org/W2009422897","https://openalex.org/W2009880157","https://openalex.org/W2015674191","https://openalex.org/W2024945446","https://openalex.org/W2027463052","https://openalex.org/W2029659812","https://openalex.org/W2035174844","https://openalex.org/W2036650593","https://openalex.org/W2037002457","https://openalex.org/W2053200671","https://openalex.org/W2057643090","https://openalex.org/W2070375383","https://openalex.org/W2074340804","https://openalex.org/W2074572230","https://openalex.org/W2081898784","https://openalex.org/W2087916050","https://openalex.org/W2093259250","https://openalex.org/W2096085373","https://openalex.org/W2135256711","https://openalex.org/W2164254780","https://openalex.org/W2165994876","https://openalex.org/W2192395463","https://openalex.org/W2567417005","https://openalex.org/W2764624667"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2013449195","https://openalex.org/W2043598706","https://openalex.org/W2110634350","https://openalex.org/W2026022416","https://openalex.org/W178731299","https://openalex.org/W2035174844","https://openalex.org/W2004346447","https://openalex.org/W2408732528","https://openalex.org/W1994712329","https://openalex.org/W2101509605"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}