{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1964523936","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1146598.1146727","title":"Friends, foes, and fringe","display_name":"Friends, foes, and fringe","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-05-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1964523936","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1146598.1146727","mag":"1964523936"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1146598.1146727","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1146598.1146727","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1146598.1146727","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407047506","display_name":"Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research","issn_l":"3050-8681","issn":["3050-8681"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318546","host_organization_name":"Delft University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318546"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Delft University of Technology"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2006 international conference on Digital government research","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1146598.1146727","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109855741","display_name":"John Kelly","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John W. Kelly","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia University, New York NY"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University, New York NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010157704","display_name":"Danyel Fisher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9019-5889","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9019-5889"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danyel Fisher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, Community Technology Group, Redmond WA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research, Community Technology Group, Redmond WA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078449765","display_name":"Marc A. Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1221-2620","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1221-2620"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marc Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, Community Technology Group, Redmond WA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research, Community Technology Group, Redmond WA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.3483,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96447368,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.0026000000070780516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.0020000000949949026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-discussion-forums","display_name":"online forums","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-network-structure","display_name":"social network structure","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ideological-polarization","display_name":"ideological polarization","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trolling","display_name":"trolling","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ostracism","display_name":"ostracism","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-visualization","display_name":"network visualization","score":0.5019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/participant-interaction","display_name":"participant interaction","score":0.3580000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-centrality","display_name":"network centrality","score":0.38499999046325684}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5009939670562744}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1146598.1146727","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1146598.1146727","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1146598.1146727","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407047506","display_name":"Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research","issn_l":"3050-8681","issn":["3050-8681"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318546","host_organization_name":"Delft University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318546"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Delft University of Technology"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2006 international conference on Digital government research","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1146598.1146727","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1146598.1146727","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1146598.1146727","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407047506","display_name":"Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research","issn_l":"3050-8681","issn":["3050-8681"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318546","host_organization_name":"Delft University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318546"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Delft University of Technology"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2006 international conference on Digital government research","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.47620001435279846,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W63810923","https://openalex.org/W978261585","https://openalex.org/W1535174579","https://openalex.org/W2014693370","https://openalex.org/W2048392812","https://openalex.org/W2053522862","https://openalex.org/W2053672342","https://openalex.org/W2081746723","https://openalex.org/W2099521584","https://openalex.org/W2152284345","https://openalex.org/W2169240853","https://openalex.org/W2337319726"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3191768830","https://openalex.org/W7098451308","https://openalex.org/W1995881620","https://openalex.org/W4312268961","https://openalex.org/W2274777946","https://openalex.org/W2198921081","https://openalex.org/W2137188527","https://openalex.org/W2129364157","https://openalex.org/W2743753816","https://openalex.org/W2758235344"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Online":[0],"discussion":[1,31,120],"groups":[2,40,72],"have":[3,41],"a":[4,86],"network":[5,117],"structure":[6,23,170],"that":[7],"emerges":[8],"from":[9,95,130],"the":[10,28,63,96],"interactions":[11],"of":[12,14,19,30,51,88,98,119,124,153,164],"thousands":[13,18],"participants,":[15],"writing":[16],"in":[17,54,70,116,136,155],"topical":[20],"threads.":[21],"This":[22,111],"varies":[24],"greatly":[25],"according":[26],"to":[27,101,146,157],"type":[29,87],"group,":[32],"such":[33],"as":[34,100],"technical,":[35],"fan":[36],"or":[37,68,106,160],"support.":[38],"Political":[39],"their":[42,158],"own":[43],"distinctive":[44],"structure,":[45],"organized":[46],"around":[47],"ideologically":[48],"polarized":[49],"clusters":[50],"participants.":[52,110],"Whereas":[53],"some":[55],"other":[56,109],"groups,":[57],"individuals":[58],"who":[59],"vehemently":[60],"disagree":[61],"with":[62,77],"mainstream":[64],"might":[65],"be":[66,102],"ignored":[67,103],"ostracized,":[69],"political":[71],"most":[73,105],"participants":[74],"preferentially":[75],"interact":[76],"\"opponents\"":[78],"and":[79,172],"ignore":[80],"\"friends.\"":[81],"And":[82],"yet,":[83],"there":[84],"is":[85,113,173],"opponent":[89],"whose":[90],"ideas":[91],"are":[92,144],"so":[93],"far":[94],"field":[97],"debate":[99],"by":[104,149,175],"nearly":[107],"all":[108],"difference":[112],"starkly":[114],"apparent":[115],"diagrams":[118],"groups.":[121],"The":[122],"core":[123],"highly":[125],"participative":[126],"discussants":[127],"contains":[128],"opponents":[129],"different":[131],"ideological":[132],"clusters,":[133],"tightly":[134],"bound":[135],"debate.":[137],"But":[138],"fringe":[139],"contributors,":[140],"sometimes":[141],"called":[142],"\"trolls\",":[143],"relegated":[145],"peripheral":[147],"positions":[148],"central":[150],"actors'":[151],"lack":[152],"interest":[154],"responding":[156],"provocations":[159],"views.":[161],"Network":[162],"visualizations":[163],"this":[165],"phenomenon":[166],"illustrate":[167],"how":[168],"macro-level":[169],"arises":[171],"maintained":[174],"micro-level":[176],"discursive":[177],"choices.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}