{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1964474096","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/revneuro.2005.16.4.325","title":"Environmental Risk Factors and the Developmental Basis for Alzheimer's Disease","display_name":"Environmental Risk Factors and the Developmental Basis for Alzheimer's Disease","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1964474096","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/revneuro.2005.16.4.325","mag":"1964474096","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16519009"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1515/revneuro.2005.16.4.325","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/revneuro.2005.16.4.325","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/revneuro.2005.16.4.325","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15160710","display_name":"Reviews in the Neurosciences","issn_l":"0334-1763","issn":["0334-1763","2191-0200"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313990","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Reviews in the Neurosciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109073013","display_name":"Nasser Zawia","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17626003","display_name":"University of Rhode Island","ror":"https://ror.org/013ckk937","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17626003"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nasser \u0397. Zawia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neurotoxicology and Epigenomics Lab, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston 02881, USA. nzawia@uri.edu","Neurotoxicology and Epigenomics Lab, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston 02881, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neurotoxicology and Epigenomics Lab, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston 02881, USA. nzawia@uri.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17626003"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neurotoxicology and Epigenomics Lab, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston 02881, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17626003"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007695569","display_name":"Riyaz M. Basha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4071-0993","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4071-0993","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6955-5448"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Riyaz Basha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2712},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4989,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":80,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.42481884,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"4","first_page":"325","last_page":"37"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10086","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease research and treatments","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10086","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease research and treatments","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10790","display_name":"Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alzheimer-s-disease","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-risk-factors","display_name":"environmental risk factors","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-life-exposure","display_name":"early life exposure","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lead-exposure","display_name":"lead exposure","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amyloid-precursor-protein","display_name":"amyloid precursor protein","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amyloid-beta","display_name":"amyloid-beta","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amyloidogenesis","display_name":"amyloidogenesis","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurodegeneration","display_name":"neurodegeneration","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-aging","display_name":"brain aging","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developmental-origins-of-health-and-disease","display_name":"developmental origins of health and disease","score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/xenobiotics","display_name":"xenobiotics","score":0.5519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rats","display_name":"rats","score":0.3970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monkeys","display_name":"monkeys","score":0.7360000014305115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776925932","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755122","display_name":"Neurodegeneration","level":3,"score":0.7760945558547974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207886595","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1456138","display_name":"Pathological","level":2,"score":0.7176256775856018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.7166533470153809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.6637860536575317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780942790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372016","display_name":"Pathogenesis","level":2,"score":0.5628976821899414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986039202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123414","display_name":"Environmental stress","level":2,"score":0.4948076605796814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16568411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83042","display_name":"Neurology","level":2,"score":0.45648193359375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502032728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease","level":3,"score":0.4561963677406311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31705614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423510","display_name":"Amyloid precursor protein","level":4,"score":0.4418054223060608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777633098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2736051","display_name":"Amyloid (mycology)","level":2,"score":0.4150991141796112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53927964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054611","display_name":"Environmental enrichment","level":2,"score":0.41221609711647034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3927803039550781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3869333267211914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.37708985805511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42407357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521","display_name":"Physiology","level":1,"score":0.3576023578643799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.2610896825790405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.10316446423530579}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000544","descriptor_name":"Alzheimer Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000544","descriptor_name":"Alzheimer Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000544","descriptor_name":"Alzheimer Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000254","qualifier_name":"growth & development","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004777","descriptor_name":"Environment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005786","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression Regulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007854","descriptor_name":"Lead","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011401","descriptor_name":"Promoter Regions, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016564","descriptor_name":"Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016564","descriptor_name":"Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017668","descriptor_name":"Age of Onset","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044127","descriptor_name":"Epigenesis, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1515/revneuro.2005.16.4.325","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/revneuro.2005.16.4.325","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/revneuro.2005.16.4.325","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15160710","display_name":"Reviews in the Neurosciences","issn_l":"0334-1763","issn":["0334-1763","2191-0200"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313990","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Reviews in the Neurosciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:16519009","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16519009","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Reviews in the neurosciences","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9537000060081482}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2757835818","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ES08104","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337361","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2843851348","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ES013022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337361","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4573518642","display_name":"INTERACTION OF LEAD WITH ZINC FINGER PROTEINS","funder_award_id":"5r29es008104-06","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G703672064","display_name":"Fetal Pb-exposure and neurodegeneration in aging brains","funder_award_id":"R21ES013022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337361","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310160","display_name":"University of Arizona","ror":"https://ror.org/03m2x1q45"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337361","display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00j4k1h63"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":81,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4687941","https://openalex.org/W64427837","https://openalex.org/W166485945","https://openalex.org/W1226506993","https://openalex.org/W1539232350","https://openalex.org/W1952759990","https://openalex.org/W1964079674","https://openalex.org/W1966157184","https://openalex.org/W1971922487","https://openalex.org/W1972570385","https://openalex.org/W1973693461","https://openalex.org/W1975298470","https://openalex.org/W1977374270","https://openalex.org/W1980906872","https://openalex.org/W1983903211","https://openalex.org/W1990352228","https://openalex.org/W1991602904","https://openalex.org/W1995905836","https://openalex.org/W2003911427","https://openalex.org/W2006220820","https://openalex.org/W2015675204","https://openalex.org/W2021508887","https://openalex.org/W2022231372","https://openalex.org/W2024875147","https://openalex.org/W2028131073","https://openalex.org/W2029773252","https://openalex.org/W2031216871","https://openalex.org/W2031534165","https://openalex.org/W2031537684","https://openalex.org/W2032755846","https://openalex.org/W2035111849","https://openalex.org/W2036072463","https://openalex.org/W2043762446","https://openalex.org/W2046006229","https://openalex.org/W2046847750","https://openalex.org/W2052559661","https://openalex.org/W2054295934","https://openalex.org/W2055042591","https://openalex.org/W2056046302","https://openalex.org/W2065005507","https://openalex.org/W2065641294","https://openalex.org/W2073172160","https://openalex.org/W2073967522","https://openalex.org/W2074411774","https://openalex.org/W2076036306","https://openalex.org/W2079528984","https://openalex.org/W2079973462","https://openalex.org/W2081600521","https://openalex.org/W2082800304","https://openalex.org/W2085425994","https://openalex.org/W2085868003","https://openalex.org/W2091149521","https://openalex.org/W2093934162","https://openalex.org/W2097285094","https://openalex.org/W2104822288","https://openalex.org/W2107038650","https://openalex.org/W2108697350","https://openalex.org/W2127401575","https://openalex.org/W2128317694","https://openalex.org/W2129489564","https://openalex.org/W2132259157","https://openalex.org/W2142616340","https://openalex.org/W2147877440","https://openalex.org/W2152058429","https://openalex.org/W2153355613","https://openalex.org/W2225263186","https://openalex.org/W2253763976","https://openalex.org/W2289177406","https://openalex.org/W2328805869","https://openalex.org/W2344725795","https://openalex.org/W2401848535","https://openalex.org/W2411671109","https://openalex.org/W2414693572","https://openalex.org/W2415859930","https://openalex.org/W2419579748","https://openalex.org/W2462258546","https://openalex.org/W2466724556","https://openalex.org/W2471251511","https://openalex.org/W2982253909","https://openalex.org/W6658135045","https://openalex.org/W7075712685"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2035613313","https://openalex.org/W173131832","https://openalex.org/W2129489564","https://openalex.org/W2107960085","https://openalex.org/W152153072","https://openalex.org/W1989176081","https://openalex.org/W2067259725","https://openalex.org/W2056799004","https://openalex.org/W4205351004","https://openalex.org/W2095565215"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Alzheimer's":[0],"disease":[1],"(AD)":[2],"is":[3,67,77],"a":[4,113,178],"progressive":[5],"neurodegenerative":[6],"disorder":[7],"whose":[8],"clinical":[9],"manifestations":[10],"appear":[11],"in":[12,28,44,112,140,162,211],"old":[13],"age.":[14],"The":[15,47],"hallmark":[16],"pathological":[17],"features":[18],"of":[19,40,50,103,119,159,168,181,193],"AD":[20,34,52,63],"(amyloid":[21],"plaques":[22],"and":[23,84,125,157,170,177,195],"associated":[24],"proteins)":[25],"are":[26],"present":[27,187],"normal":[29,41],"aging":[30,213],"indivduals,":[31],"suggesting":[32],"that":[33,60,100,147,198],"may":[35,61,73,199],"result":[36],"from":[37],"the":[38,45,87,94,106,120,141,155,166,190,212],"acceleration":[39],"age-related":[42],"processes":[43],"brain.":[46,214],"sporadic":[48],"nature":[49],"most":[51],"cases":[53],"strongly":[54],"argues":[55],"for":[56,172,189],"an":[57,81,174],"environmental":[58,71,82,148,175],"link":[59],"drive":[62],"pathogenesis;":[64],"however,":[65],"it":[66,76],"unclear":[68],"when":[69],"this":[70,184],"stress":[72],"occur.":[74],"Therefore":[75],"important":[78],"to":[79,85,105,134],"identify":[80],"trigger(s)":[83],"pinpoint":[86],"period":[88],"during":[89,151,203],"which":[90],"such":[91],"factors":[92],"pose":[93],"greatest":[95],"risk.":[96],"Recently,":[97],"we":[98,186],"reported":[99],"developmental":[101,179,191],"exposure":[102],"rats":[104],"xenobiotic":[107],"metal":[108],"lead":[109],"(Pb)":[110],"resulted":[111],"delayed":[114,209],"overexpression":[115],"(20":[116],"months":[117],"later)":[118],"amyloid":[121],"precursor":[122],"protein":[123],"(APP)":[124],"its":[126],"amyloidogenic":[127],"Abeta":[128],"product.":[129],"Similarly,":[130],"aged":[131],"monkeys":[132],"exposed":[133],"Pb":[135],"as":[136],"infants":[137],"also":[138],"responded":[139],"same":[142],"way.":[143],"These":[144],"data":[145],"suggest":[146],"influences":[149],"occurring":[150],"brain":[152],"development":[153,204],"predetermine":[154],"expression":[156],"regulation":[158],"APP":[160],"later":[161],"life,":[163],"potentially":[164],"influencing":[165],"course":[167],"amyloidogenesis,":[169],"argue":[171],"both":[173],"trigger":[176],"origin":[180],"AD.":[182],"In":[183],"review,":[185],"evidence":[188],"basis":[192],"neurodegeneration":[194],"discuss":[196],"mechanisms":[197],"explain":[200],"how":[201],"perturbations":[202],"can":[205],"have":[206],"long-term":[207],"or":[208],"consequences":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}