{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1964379635","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1518/001872095779049327","title":"Estimates of Driver Mental Workload: A Long-Term Field Trial of Two Subsidiary Tasks","display_name":"Estimates of Driver Mental Workload: A Long-Term Field Trial of Two Subsidiary Tasks","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1964379635","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1518/001872095779049327","mag":"1964379635"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1518/001872095779049327","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1518/001872095779049327","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1518/001872095779049327","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83386566","display_name":"Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","issn_l":"0018-7208","issn":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023175174","display_name":"Lawrence R. Zeitlin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141810926","display_name":"Baruch College","ror":"https://ror.org/023qavy03","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141810926"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lawrence R. Zeitlin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bernard M. Baruch College of the City University of New York, New York"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bernard M. Baruch College of the City University of New York, New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141810926"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023175174"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141810926"],"apc_list":{"value":1500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.134,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":69,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85924042,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"3","first_page":"611","last_page":"621"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/driver-mental-workload","display_name":"driver mental workload","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-density","display_name":"traffic density","score":0.6050000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-speed","display_name":"vehicle speed","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-term-field-experiment","display_name":"long-term field experiment","score":0.5929999947547913}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.8920215964317322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776378700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3030775","display_name":"Distraction","level":2,"score":0.5203413963317871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780999251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17022503","display_name":"Brake","level":2,"score":0.4933291971683502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4734315872192383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100660578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18733","display_name":"Recall","level":2,"score":0.43361160159111023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.4212344288825989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.41760870814323425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.39307349920272827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.3828634023666382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.36820003390312195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.3378799855709076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22122102975845337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.184183269739151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1775434911251068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.1636422872543335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.1363219916820526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1518/001872095779049327","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1518/001872095779049327","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1518/001872095779049327","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83386566","display_name":"Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","issn_l":"0018-7208","issn":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W56675450","https://openalex.org/W73080237","https://openalex.org/W1489143527","https://openalex.org/W1571144263","https://openalex.org/W1588715534","https://openalex.org/W1592598395","https://openalex.org/W1829294709","https://openalex.org/W1979492686","https://openalex.org/W1987220731","https://openalex.org/W1991164850","https://openalex.org/W1994708625","https://openalex.org/W2013147229","https://openalex.org/W2025791332","https://openalex.org/W2037146600","https://openalex.org/W2052757404","https://openalex.org/W2066762269","https://openalex.org/W2067961171","https://openalex.org/W2070058589","https://openalex.org/W2090469480","https://openalex.org/W2128090174","https://openalex.org/W2139786717","https://openalex.org/W2157289187","https://openalex.org/W2336519085","https://openalex.org/W2402159879","https://openalex.org/W2517305112","https://openalex.org/W4229852908"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W248837239","https://openalex.org/W2051356935","https://openalex.org/W646301890","https://openalex.org/W2172059565","https://openalex.org/W2182695204","https://openalex.org/W2972224643","https://openalex.org/W4391574113","https://openalex.org/W2111587852","https://openalex.org/W2038704458","https://openalex.org/W2072356086"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Two":[0],"auditory":[1],"subsidiary":[2,164],"task":[3,85,124,133,165],"measures":[4],"of":[5,34,69,90,101,110,118,132,155,171,181],"driver":[6,130,142],"mental":[7],"workload---delayed":[8],"digit":[9,13,122],"recall":[10,123],"and":[11,45,79,95,135,167,174],"random":[12],"generation---were":[14],"evaluated":[15],"in":[16],"a":[17,32,50,88,140,197],"four-year":[18],"field":[19],"trial.":[20],"Van":[21],"pool":[22],"members":[23],"performed":[24],"the":[25,64,99,115,152],"tasks":[26],"for":[27],"2-min":[28],"periods":[29],"while":[30],"driving":[31],"mix":[33],"rural":[35],"secondary":[36],"roads,":[37],"limited":[38],"access":[39],"expressways,":[40],"high-density,":[41],"limited-access":[42],"urban":[43],"drives,":[44],"downtown":[46],"city":[47],"streets":[48],"on":[49,146],"daily":[51],"commute":[52],"from":[53],"upstate":[54],"New":[55,58],"York":[56,59],"to":[57,113,189,193],"City.":[60],"Data":[61],"collected":[62],"included":[63],"roadway":[65],"being":[66],"traveled,":[67],"time":[68],"day,":[70],"traffic":[71,91,111,172],"conditions,":[72],"vehicle":[73,156],"density,":[74,92],"speed,":[75,94,175],"weather,":[76],"brake":[77,102,147],"applications,":[78],"driver's":[80],"subjective":[81,159],"difficulty":[82,134,160],"rating.":[83],"Subsidiary":[84],"degradation":[86],"was":[87,178],"function":[89],"average":[93],"uncertainty":[96],"(estimated":[97],"by":[98],"number":[100],"depressions).":[103],"Weather":[104],"conditions":[105],"moderated":[106],"these":[107],"variables.":[108],"Unpredictability":[109],"appeared":[112,188],"be":[114],"major":[116],"determinant":[117],"perceived":[119],"difficulty.":[120],"The":[121],"correlated":[125,162],"(r":[126,136],"=":[127,137],"0.784)":[128],"with":[129,139,163,168],"ratings":[131,161],"0.808)":[138],"calculated":[141],"workload":[143,182,195],"index":[144],"based":[145],"actuations":[148],"per":[149],"minute":[150],"plus":[151],"log":[153],"2":[154],"speed.":[157],"Although":[158],"performance":[166,192],"objective":[169],"criteria":[170],"density":[173],"some":[176],"dissociation":[177],"noted.":[179],"Indications":[180],"homeostasis":[183],"were":[184],"evident,":[185],"as":[186],"drivers":[187],"modify":[190],"their":[191],"keep":[194],"within":[196],"comfortable":[198],"range.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}