{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1964264102","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2009.0017","title":"Plant Growth Regulator Effects on Balancing Vegetative and Reproductive Phases in Alfalfa Seed Yield","display_name":"Plant Growth Regulator Effects on Balancing Vegetative and Reproductive Phases in Alfalfa Seed Yield","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-08-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1964264102","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2009.0017","mag":"1964264102"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2134/agronj2009.0017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2009.0017","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2009.0017","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S139950591","display_name":"Agronomy Journal","issn_l":"0002-1962","issn":["0002-1962","1072-9623","1435-0645"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agronomy Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100684591","display_name":"Tiejun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1743-0077","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1743-0077"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tiejun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Grassland Science, China Agricultural Univ., Beijing 100193, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Grassland Science, China Agricultural Univ., Beijing 100193, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074110979","display_name":"Xianguo Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianguo Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Grassland Science, China Agricultural Univ., Beijing 100193, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Grassland Science, China Agricultural Univ., Beijing 100193, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039000869","display_name":"Yunwen Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3432-0603","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3432-0603"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunwen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Grassland Science, China Agricultural Univ., Beijing 100193, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Grassland Science, China Agricultural Univ., Beijing 100193, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110182484","display_name":"Jianguo Han","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jianguo Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Grassland Science, China Agricultural Univ., Beijing 100193, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Grassland Science, China Agricultural Univ., Beijing 100193, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082567253","display_name":"Peisheng Mao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3261-0949","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3261-0949"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peisheng Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Grassland Science, China Agricultural Univ., Beijing 100193, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Grassland Science, China Agricultural Univ., Beijing 100193, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108231289","display_name":"Mark E. Majerus","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1336096307","display_name":"United States Department of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/01na82s61","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Majerus","raw_affiliation_strings":["USDA Plant Materials Center 99 S. River Rd. Bridger MT 59014"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"USDA Plant Materials Center 99 S. River Rd. Bridger MT 59014","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110182484"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"],"apc_list":{"value":1800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1800},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5662,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75444106,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"101","issue":"5","first_page":"1139","last_page":"1145"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13628","display_name":"Agricultural Productivity and Crop Improvement","score":0.3882000148296356,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13628","display_name":"Agricultural Productivity and Crop Improvement","score":0.3882000148296356,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12834","display_name":"Flowering Plant Growth and Cultivation","score":0.21729999780654907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12407","display_name":"Plant Growth Enhancement Techniques","score":0.14990000426769257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-growth-regulators","display_name":"plant growth regulators","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alfalfa","display_name":"alfalfa","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chlormequat","display_name":"chlormequat chloride","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seed-yield","display_name":"seed yield","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gibberellic-acid","display_name":"gibberellic acid","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brassinolide","display_name":"brassinolide","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triacontanol","display_name":"triacontanol","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/naphthaleneacetic-acid","display_name":"naphthaleneacetic acid","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harvest-index","display_name":"harvest index","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lodging","display_name":"lodging","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seed-quality","display_name":"seed quality","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flowering","display_name":"flowering","score":0.5139999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seed-set","display_name":"seed set","score":0.5120000243186951}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780309979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423860","display_name":"Chlormequat","level":3,"score":0.9524235129356384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776280803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4860821","display_name":"Triacontanol","level":2,"score":0.8333876132965088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777970491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411138","display_name":"Gibberellic acid","level":3,"score":0.7789527177810669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780015891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4957954","display_name":"Brassinolide","level":3,"score":0.7025794982910156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134121241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5469846129417419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.540611982345581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.5210182666778564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.40952587127685547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982966219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045481","display_name":"Plant growth","level":2,"score":0.3033469319343567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100701293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193838","display_name":"Germination","level":2,"score":0.1761781871318817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2134/agronj2009.0017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2009.0017","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2009.0017","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S139950591","display_name":"Agronomy Journal","issn_l":"0002-1962","issn":["0002-1962","1072-9623","1435-0645"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agronomy Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.991100013256073,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W200643412","https://openalex.org/W1481107388","https://openalex.org/W2027884984","https://openalex.org/W2032098423","https://openalex.org/W2032679148","https://openalex.org/W2033150426","https://openalex.org/W2046148076","https://openalex.org/W2046313979","https://openalex.org/W2096115039","https://openalex.org/W2180919295","https://openalex.org/W2249932102","https://openalex.org/W2503676012","https://openalex.org/W2590114358","https://openalex.org/W3166996917"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7128003909","https://openalex.org/W4412570170","https://openalex.org/W3171217141","https://openalex.org/W2087012077","https://openalex.org/W3037406717","https://openalex.org/W4416105517","https://openalex.org/W7134972872","https://openalex.org/W2348007327","https://openalex.org/W95001377","https://openalex.org/W7091399845"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,187],"use":[1],"of":[2,27,44,112,142,189],"plant":[3,81,125,178],"growth":[4],"regulators":[5],"(PGRs)":[6],"has":[7],"opened":[8],"new":[9],"prospects":[10],"for":[11],"increased":[12,158],"seed":[13,34,75,90,135,153,162,185,192,205,216,232,237],"production":[14],"in":[15,51,151,227],"grasses":[16],"and":[17,70,89,116,134,164,180,202],"legumes,":[18],"but":[19,169,182],"little":[20],"information":[21],"is":[22],"available":[23],"on":[24,29,74,191,195,204],"the":[25,42,98,110,128,139,156,159,210,213],"effects":[26,43,188],"PGRs":[28,55,103,130,157,211,223],"alfalfa":[30,228],"(Medicago":[31],"sativa":[32],"L.)":[33],"production.":[35],"This":[36],"study":[37],"was":[38,94],"conducted":[39],"to":[40,230],"evaluate":[41],"applying":[45],"chlormequat":[46],"chloride":[47,93,176],"(CCC)":[48],"(2\u2010chloroethyl\u2010trimethyl\u2010ammonium":[49],"chloride)":[50],"combination":[52],"with":[53,144],"five":[54,102,129],"{naphthylacetic":[56],"acid":[57,63],"[1\u2010naphthylacetic":[58],"acid],":[59],"sodium":[60],"nitrophenolate,":[61],"gibberellic":[62],"3":[64],"[2,4a,7\u2010trihydroxy\u20101\u2010methyl\u20108\u2010methylenegibb\u20103\u2010ene\u20101,10\u2010carboxylic":[65],"acid\u20101,":[66],"4a\u2010lactone],":[67],"triacontanol":[68],"[1\u2010triacontanol],":[69],"brassinolide":[71],"[(22R,23R,24R)\u20102\u03b1,3\u03b1,22,23\u2010tetrahydroxy\u2010":[72],"\u03b2\u2010homo\u20107\u2010oxa\u20105\u03b1\u2010ergostan\u20106\u2010one]}":[73],"yield,":[76],"aboveground":[77,173],"biomass,":[78],"harvest":[79,165],"index,":[80],"height,":[82,126],"basal":[83],"stem":[84],"diameter,":[85],"lodging,":[86,181],"yield":[87,163,193,206,233],"components,":[88],"quality.":[91,217,238],"Chlormequat":[92,175],"applied":[95,105],"annually":[96],"at":[97,109],"stooling":[99],"stage":[100],"while":[101,127,234],"were":[104,207],"twice":[106],"each":[107],"year":[108],"stages":[111],"flower":[113],"bud":[114],"formation":[115],"peak":[117],"flowering.":[118],"We":[119],"hypothesized":[120],"that":[121,221],"CCC":[122,143,190,201,214],"would":[123,131,147],"decrease":[124],"increase":[132,231],"flowering":[133],"set.":[136],"In":[137],"theory":[138],"combined":[140],"application":[141],"a":[145],"PGR":[146,203],"be":[148,225],"more":[149],"efficient":[150],"improving":[152],"yield.":[154,186],"All":[155],"mean":[160,184],"3\u2010yr":[161],"index":[166],"by":[167],"10%,":[168],"did":[170],"not":[171],"affect":[172],"biomass.":[174],"reduced":[177,183],"height":[179],"depended":[194],"climatic":[196],"conditions.":[197],"No":[198],"interactions":[199],"between":[200],"noted.":[208],"Neither":[209],"nor":[212],"affected":[215],"Our":[218],"results":[219],"suggest":[220],"these":[222],"could":[224],"used":[226],"breeding":[229],"maintaining":[235],"high":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
