{"id":"https://openalex.org/W196416104","doi":null,"title":"Peacemakers : the Paris Conference of 1919 and its attempt to end war","display_name":"Peacemakers : the Paris Conference of 1919 and its attempt to end war","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W196416104","mag":"196416104"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:196416104","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA64596924","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306473852","display_name":"J. Murray eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J. Murray eBooks","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"book","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006442741","display_name":"Margaret Olwen Macmillan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Margaret Olwen Macmillan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006442741"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.236,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":72,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95434209,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11971","display_name":"World Wars: History, Literature, and Impact","score":0.9599999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11971","display_name":"World Wars: History, Literature, and Impact","score":0.9599999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14032","display_name":"History and International Relations","score":0.03819999843835831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10053","display_name":"International Relations and Foreign Policy","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paris-peace-conference-1919","display_name":"Paris Peace Conference 1919","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treaty-of-versailles","display_name":"Treaty of Versailles","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/woodrow-wilson","display_name":"Woodrow Wilson","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/david-lloyd-george","display_name":"David Lloyd George","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/georges-clemenceau","display_name":"Georges Clemenceau","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-world-war-i-settlement","display_name":"post-World War I settlement","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peacemaking","display_name":"peacemaking","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-order","display_name":"international order","score":0.40400001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-self-determination","display_name":"national self-determination","score":0.5419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/armenian-independence","display_name":"Armenian independence","score":0.492000013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-s-rights","display_name":"women's rights","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/john-maynard-keynes","display_name":"John Maynard Keynes","score":0.6230000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/t-e-lawrence","display_name":"T. E. Lawrence","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ho-chi-minh","display_name":"Ho Chi Minh","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/russian-revolution","display_name":"Russian Revolution","score":0.3310000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bolshevism","display_name":"Bolshevism","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kosovo","display_name":"Kosovo","score":0.3109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kurds","display_name":"Kurds","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jewish-homeland","display_name":"Jewish homeland","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collapse-of-empires","display_name":"collapse of empires","score":0.5080000162124634}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778880830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16513600","display_name":"Homeland","level":3,"score":0.6751516461372375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557252395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1889","display_name":"Diplomacy","level":3,"score":0.5970059633255005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.5591899156570435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35651441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625303","display_name":"Independence (probability theory)","level":2,"score":0.5257518887519836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521449643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6235","display_name":"Nationalism","level":3,"score":0.5125408172607422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5051112771034241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6303427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47398","display_name":"Economic history","level":1,"score":0.47998353838920593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81631423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10859","display_name":"Spanish Civil War","level":2,"score":0.4556678831577301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.44937682151794434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.44522517919540405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.35925525426864624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.24775686860084534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:196416104","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA64596924","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306473852","display_name":"J. Murray eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J. Murray eBooks","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8046000003814697}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3083920006","https://openalex.org/W7070908063","https://openalex.org/W3119412430","https://openalex.org/W2477989958","https://openalex.org/W7169342137","https://openalex.org/W4415732393","https://openalex.org/W592482052","https://openalex.org/W4241868809","https://openalex.org/W4247223079","https://openalex.org/W4230410345"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Between":[0],"January":[1],"and":[2,13,43,48,60,100,126,138,151,220,229],"July":[3],"1919,":[4],"after":[5],"the":[6,18,24,31,34,110,114,120,134,140,144,149,156,185,216,245,250],"war":[7],"to":[8,70,133,170,194,201,209,214,221],"end":[9],"all":[10,16,169],"wars,":[11],"men":[12],"women":[14],"from":[15,67],"over":[17],"world":[19,117,224,252],"converged":[20],"on":[21,227],"Paris":[22,77],"for":[23,62,155,184],"Peace":[25],"Conference.":[26],"At":[27],"its":[28],"heart":[29],"were":[30],"leaders":[32],"of":[33,54,85,116,146,148,152,187,218,244,249],"three":[35],"great":[36],"powers":[37],"-":[38,66,80,200,231],"Woodrow":[39],"Wilson,":[40],"Lloyd":[41],"George":[42],"Clemenceau.":[44],"Kings,":[45],"prime":[46],"ministers":[47,50],"foreign":[49],"with":[51,58,143],"their":[52,198],"crowds":[53],"advisers":[55],"rubbed":[56],"shoulders":[57],"journalists":[59],"lobbyists":[61],"a":[63,153,223,241],"hundred":[64],"causes":[65],"Armenian":[68],"independence":[69],"women's":[71],"rights.":[72],"Everyone":[73],"had":[74,93],"business":[75],"in":[76],"that":[78,177],"year":[79],"T.E.":[81],"Lawrence,":[82],"Queen":[83],"Marie":[84],"Romania,":[86],"Maynard":[87],"Keynes,":[88],"Ho":[89],"Chi":[90],"Minh.":[91],"There":[92],"never":[94,102],"been":[95,104,163,181],"anything":[96],"like":[97],"it":[98,161],"before,":[99],"there":[101],"has":[103,162],"since.":[105],"For":[106],"six":[107],"extraordinary":[108],"months":[109],"city":[111],"was":[112,253],"effectively":[113],"centre":[115],"government":[118],"as":[119],"peacemakers":[121],"wound":[122],"up":[123],"bankrupt":[124],"empires":[125],"created":[127],"new":[128],"countries.":[129],"They":[130,192],"pushed":[131],"Russia":[132],"sidelines,":[135],"alienated":[136],"China":[137],"dismissed":[139],"Arabs,":[141],"struggled":[142],"problems":[145],"Kosovo,":[147],"Kurds,":[150],"homeland":[154],"Jews.":[157],"The":[158],"peacemakers,":[159],"so":[160],"said,":[164],"failed":[165,167],"dismally;":[166],"above":[168],"prevent":[171,215],"another":[172],"war.":[173],"Margaret":[174],"MacMillan":[175],"argues":[176],"they":[178],"have":[179],"unfairly":[180],"made":[182],"scapegoats":[183],"mistakes":[186],"those":[188],"who":[189],"came":[190],"later.":[191],"tried":[193],"be":[195,234],"evenhanded,":[196],"but":[197],"goals":[199],"make":[202],"defeated":[203],"countries":[204],"pay":[205],"without":[206],"destroying":[207],"them,":[208],"satisfy":[210],"impossible":[211],"nationalist":[212],"dreams,":[213],"spread":[217],"Bolshevism":[219],"establish":[222],"order":[225],"based":[226],"democracy":[228],"reason":[230],"could":[232],"not":[233],"achieved":[235],"by":[236],"diplomacy.":[237],"This":[238],"book":[239],"offers":[240],"prismatic":[242],"view":[243],"moment":[246],"when":[247],"much":[248],"modern":[251],"first":[254],"sketched":[255],"out.":[256]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-25T08:18:29.962427","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
