{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1964159697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1965361","title":"Some Preliminary Observations on Pre-Adult Fertility and Family Formation","display_name":"Some Preliminary Observations on Pre-Adult Fertility and Family Formation","publication_year":1972,"publication_date":"1972-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1964159697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1965361","mag":"1964159697","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4657212"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/1965361","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1965361","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1965361","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26966653","display_name":"Studies in Family Planning","issn_l":"0039-3665","issn":["0039-3665","1728-4465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Family Planning","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110823890","display_name":"Melvin Zelnik","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Melvin Zelnik","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103802800","display_name":"John F. Kantner","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John F. Kantner","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3190},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.08123434,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"4","first_page":"59","last_page":"59"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10327","display_name":"Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health","score":0.7416999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10327","display_name":"Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health","score":0.7416999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10600","display_name":"Reproductive Health and Contraception","score":0.2451000064611435,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10585","display_name":"Family Dynamics and Relationships","score":0.005499999970197678,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teenage-pregnancy","display_name":"adolescent pregnancy","score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adolescent-sexual-behavior","display_name":"adolescent sexual behavior","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/family-formation","display_name":"family formation","score":0.5400000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contraceptive-use","display_name":"contraceptive use","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-differences","display_name":"racial differences","score":0.5870000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ideal-family-size","display_name":"ideal family size","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-at-sexual-debut","display_name":"age at first sexual intercourse","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-at-first-birth","display_name":"age at first birth","score":0.597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/never-married-women","display_name":"never-married women","score":0.6460000276565552}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518429986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q964401","display_name":"Fertility","level":3,"score":0.7604976296424866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.4067922532558441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.35922080278396606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3225247263908386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.24938085675239563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.10402768850326538}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000367","descriptor_name":"Age Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000367","descriptor_name":"Age Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000367","descriptor_name":"Age Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001290","descriptor_name":"Attitude","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001290","descriptor_name":"Attitude","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001290","descriptor_name":"Attitude","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001741","descriptor_name":"Black or African American","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001741","descriptor_name":"Black or African American","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001741","descriptor_name":"Black or African American","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003075","descriptor_name":"Coitus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003075","descriptor_name":"Coitus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003075","descriptor_name":"Coitus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003267","descriptor_name":"Contraception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003267","descriptor_name":"Contraception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003267","descriptor_name":"Contraception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005193","descriptor_name":"Family Planning Services","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005193","descriptor_name":"Family Planning Services","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005193","descriptor_name":"Family Planning Services","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005298","descriptor_name":"Fertility","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005298","descriptor_name":"Fertility","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005298","descriptor_name":"Fertility","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007086","descriptor_name":"Illegitimacy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007086","descriptor_name":"Illegitimacy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007086","descriptor_name":"Illegitimacy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008423","descriptor_name":"Maternal Age","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008423","descriptor_name":"Maternal Age","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008423","descriptor_name":"Maternal Age","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011247","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011247","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011247","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012725","descriptor_name":"Sexual Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012725","descriptor_name":"Sexual Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012725","descriptor_name":"Sexual Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012959","descriptor_name":"Socioeconomic Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012959","descriptor_name":"Socioeconomic Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012959","descriptor_name":"Socioeconomic Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/1965361","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1965361","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1965361","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26966653","display_name":"Studies in Family Planning","issn_l":"0039-3665","issn":["0039-3665","1728-4465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Family Planning","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:4657212","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4657212","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in family planning","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5683000087738037,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.8700000047683716,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1622078570","https://openalex.org/W1828994658","https://openalex.org/W1976043447","https://openalex.org/W2025322481","https://openalex.org/W2032116932","https://openalex.org/W2037830047","https://openalex.org/W2148334638","https://openalex.org/W2222891168","https://openalex.org/W2312775276","https://openalex.org/W2324053016","https://openalex.org/W2327402956","https://openalex.org/W2330065447","https://openalex.org/W2993914152"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3031052312","https://openalex.org/W3032375762","https://openalex.org/W1995515455","https://openalex.org/W2080531066","https://openalex.org/W3108674512","https://openalex.org/W1506200166","https://openalex.org/W2289483373","https://openalex.org/W4302333749"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"1970":[1],"a":[2,6,9,89,138],"survey":[3],"designed":[4],"as":[5,147],"pretest":[7],"for":[8,72],"national":[10],"study":[11],"of":[12,31,37,59,159],"American":[13],"female":[14],"teen-agers":[15],"was":[16,70],"conducted":[17],"among":[18],"372":[19],"never-married":[20],"white":[21,33],"and":[22,35,123],"black":[23,83,143],"women":[24,111,144],"between":[25],"the":[26,32,38,45,68,113,134,170],"ages":[27],"15-19.":[28],"13%":[30],"females":[34],"39%":[36],"blacks":[39,102],"had":[40,42,54,61,77,88,115],"ever":[41],"intercourse":[43,55,63,78,122],"with":[44,48,164],"percentage":[46,69],"increasing":[47],"age.":[49],"Of":[51],"those":[52],"who":[53],"less":[56],"than":[57,81,93,142,161],"25%":[58],"whites":[60,76,94,165],"experienced":[62],"before":[64],"age":[65,141],"16":[66],"while":[67],"46%":[71],"blacks.":[73],"Sexually-active":[75],"more":[79,126,160,168],"frequently":[80],"their":[82],"counterparts.":[84],"Blacks":[86],"however":[87],"higher":[90],"pregnancy":[91],"rate":[92],"largely":[95],"because":[96],"contraceptives":[97],"are":[98],"1st":[99,107,121,135],"used":[100],"by":[101],"about":[103],"1":[104],"year":[105],"after":[106,120],"intercourse.":[108],"White":[110],"on":[112,169],"other":[114],"begin":[116],"using":[117],"contraception":[118,125],"soon":[119],"use":[124],"regularly.":[127],"Whites":[129],"would":[130],"prefer":[131],"to":[132,149],"have":[133],"baby":[136],"at":[137],"slightly":[139,167],"later":[140],"--":[145],"23.5":[146],"opposed":[148],"22.3.":[150],"Both":[152],"races":[153],"expressed":[154],"an":[155],"ideal":[156],"family":[157],"size":[158],"3":[162],"children":[163],"preferring":[166],"average.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}