{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1964064201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1118/1.1359250","title":"Knowledge\u2010based computer\u2010aided detection of masses on digitized mammograms: A preliminary assessment","display_name":"Knowledge\u2010based computer\u2010aided detection of masses on digitized mammograms: A preliminary assessment","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1964064201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1118/1.1359250","mag":"1964064201","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11339741"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1118/1.1359250","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1118/1.1359250","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1118/1.1359250","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95522064","display_name":"Medical Physics","issn_l":"0094-2405","issn":["0094-2405","1522-8541","2473-4209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112471269","display_name":"Yuan\u2010Hsiang Chang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan\u2010Hsiang Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261-0001, USA","Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261-0001"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261-0001, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261-0001","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042300041","display_name":"Lara A. Hardesty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7235-5332","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7235-5332"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lara A. Hardesty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261-0001"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261-0001","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104534617","display_name":"Christiane M. Hakim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6206-9907","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6206-9907"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christiane M. Hakim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261-0001"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261-0001","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Thomas S. Chang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas S. Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261-0001"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261-0001","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045998635","display_name":"Bin Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7682-6648","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7682-6648"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261-0001"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261-0001","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111534895","display_name":"Walter F. Good","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Walter F. Good","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261-0001"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261-0001","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076868240","display_name":"David Gur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9067-2497","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9067-2497"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Gur","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261-0001"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261-0001","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"],"apc_list":{"value":3360,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3360},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2262,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88939803,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"4","first_page":"455","last_page":"461"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11361","display_name":"Digital Radiography and Breast Imaging","score":0.009399999864399433,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-aided-detection","display_name":"computer-aided detection","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-mass","display_name":"breast mass","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digitized-mammograms","display_name":"digitized mammograms","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-based-classification","display_name":"knowledge-based classification","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-positive-reduction","display_name":"false positive reduction","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity-measures","display_name":"similarity measures","score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-cancer-detection","display_name":"breast cancer detection","score":0.6869999766349792}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58471807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327120","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","level":2,"score":0.690511167049408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6241787672042847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194789388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17855283","display_name":"CAD","level":2,"score":0.5902591943740845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108010975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q500094","display_name":"Pruning","level":2,"score":0.5679323673248291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5474413633346558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5395914316177368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.5366906523704529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5359640121459961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.48779016733169556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779549770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122413","display_name":"Computer-aided diagnosis","level":2,"score":0.4873962998390198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.47867709398269653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4612746238708496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3428914546966553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.11416688561439514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199639397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1788588","display_name":"Engineering drawing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008327","descriptor_name":"Mammography","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008327","descriptor_name":"Mammography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012372","descriptor_name":"ROC Curve","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1118/1.1359250","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1118/1.1359250","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1118/1.1359250","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95522064","display_name":"Medical Physics","issn_l":"0094-2405","issn":["0094-2405","1522-8541","2473-4209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:11339741","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11339741","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical physics","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8199999928474426}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2062373085","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CA77850","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G349920858","display_name":"KNOWLEDGE BASED COMPUTER AIDED DETECTION SCHEME","funder_award_id":"5r21ca082912-02","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5173937417","display_name":"Improving Breast Cancer Detection and Diagnosis with CAD","funder_award_id":"R01CA077850","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8725493302","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CA82912","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332530","display_name":"Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/04ehecz88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W98828706","https://openalex.org/W1966007744","https://openalex.org/W1967596815","https://openalex.org/W1998391036","https://openalex.org/W2001180220","https://openalex.org/W2001708495","https://openalex.org/W2004037047","https://openalex.org/W2006408184","https://openalex.org/W2013302587","https://openalex.org/W2015802872","https://openalex.org/W2017352979","https://openalex.org/W2021185633","https://openalex.org/W2027713179","https://openalex.org/W2035950812","https://openalex.org/W2038245294","https://openalex.org/W2045234411","https://openalex.org/W2050383414","https://openalex.org/W2055805671","https://openalex.org/W2060654144","https://openalex.org/W2070173579","https://openalex.org/W2073171774","https://openalex.org/W2075100290","https://openalex.org/W2081185844","https://openalex.org/W2086810279","https://openalex.org/W2092111833","https://openalex.org/W2097395198","https://openalex.org/W2107522940","https://openalex.org/W2121767998","https://openalex.org/W2122763860","https://openalex.org/W2129374776","https://openalex.org/W2137570556","https://openalex.org/W2138235222","https://openalex.org/W2138309086","https://openalex.org/W2139031005","https://openalex.org/W2145388359","https://openalex.org/W2151817208","https://openalex.org/W2163714625","https://openalex.org/W2321434785","https://openalex.org/W2488029749"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972311232","https://openalex.org/W2063167804","https://openalex.org/W2138235222","https://openalex.org/W134500666","https://openalex.org/W2030796054","https://openalex.org/W2086810279","https://openalex.org/W1966007744","https://openalex.org/W2137570556","https://openalex.org/W191928727","https://openalex.org/W341506139"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"purpose":[1],"of":[2,18,114,142,150,168,182,186,200,236,240],"this":[3,151],"work":[4],"was":[5,215],"to":[6,69,82,91,101,138],"develop":[7],"and":[8,33,63,123],"evaluate":[9],"a":[10,25,43,51,79,84,94,103,120,124,129,160,221],"computer-aided":[11],"detection":[12],"(CAD)":[13],"scheme":[14,77,174],"for":[15,55],"the":[16,71,112,140,143,148,165,171,179,187,201,208,234,238],"improvement":[17],"mass":[19],"identification":[20],"on":[21,134],"digitized":[22],"mammograms":[23],"using":[24],"knowledge-based":[26,172],"approach.":[27],"Three":[28],"hundred":[29],"pathologically":[30],"verified":[31],"masses":[32,137],"300":[34],"negative,":[35],"but":[36],"suspicious,":[37],"regions,":[38,170,204],"as":[39,211,213],"initially":[40],"identified":[41,96,189],"by":[42,109],"rule-based":[44,242],"CAD":[45,173,243],"scheme,":[46],"were":[47,67,157,192],"randomly":[48],"selected":[49],"from":[50],"large":[52],"clinical":[53],"database":[54],"development":[56,166],"purposes.":[57],"In":[58],"addition,":[59],"500":[60,64],"different":[61],"positive":[62],"negative":[65],"regions":[66,191],"used":[68,90],"test":[70],"scheme.":[72],"This":[73,106,231],"suspicious":[74,97,121,144],"region":[75,98,122],"pruning":[76],"includes":[78],"learning":[80],"process":[81],"establish":[83],"knowledge":[85],"base":[86],"that":[87],"is":[88,99,107],"then":[89,127],"determine":[92,139],"whether":[93],"previously":[95,188],"likely":[100],"depict":[102],"true":[104],"mass.":[105],"accomplished":[108],"quantitatively":[110],"characterizing":[111],"set":[113,167],"known":[115],"masses,":[116],"measuring":[117],"\"similarity\"":[118],"between":[119],"\"known\"":[125,136],"mass,":[126],"deriving":[128],"composite":[130],"\"likelihood\"":[131],"measure":[132],"based":[133],"all":[135],"state":[141],"region.":[145],"To":[146],"assess":[147],"performance":[149,239],"method,":[152],"receiver-operating":[153],"characteristic":[154],"(ROC)":[155],"analyses":[156],"employed.":[158],"Using":[159],"leave-one-out":[161],"validation":[162],"method":[163],"with":[164],"600":[169],"achieved":[175],"an":[176,205],"area":[177,206],"under":[178,207],"ROC":[180,209],"curve":[181,210],"0.83.":[183],"Fifty-one":[184],"percent":[185],"false-positive":[190,225],"eliminated,":[193],"while":[194,227],"maintaining":[195,228],"90%":[196],"sensitivity.":[197,230],"During":[198],"testing":[199],"1,000":[202],"independent":[203],"high":[212],"0.80":[214],"achieved.":[216],"Knowledge-based":[217],"approaches":[218],"can":[219],"yield":[220],"significant":[222],"reduction":[223],"in":[224],"detections":[226],"reasonable":[229],"approach":[232],"has":[233],"potential":[235],"improving":[237],"other":[241],"schemes.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}