{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1964014376","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/977383","title":"Public Administration Education and Formal Administrative Position: Do They Make a Difference? A Note on Pope's Proposition and Miles' Law in an Intergovernmental Context","display_name":"Public Administration Education and Formal Administrative Position: Do They Make a Difference? A Note on Pope's Proposition and Miles' Law in an Intergovernmental Context","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1964014376","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/977383","mag":"1964014376"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/977383","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/977383","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/977383","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S76877748","display_name":"Public Administration Review","issn_l":"0033-3352","issn":["0033-3352","1540-6210"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-1","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Public Administration Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005987607","display_name":"Jaewon Yoo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4019-5987","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4019-5987"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jae-Won Yoo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109807970","display_name":"Deil S. Wright","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deil S. Wright","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4250},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5117,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82433326,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"54","issue":"4","first_page":"357","last_page":"357"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10213","display_name":"Public Policy and Administration Research","score":0.9272000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10213","display_name":"Public Policy and Administration Research","score":0.9272000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13988","display_name":"Public Administration and Governance","score":0.05719999969005585,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13459","display_name":"Public Administration and Political Analysis","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-administration-education","display_name":"public administration education","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intergovernmental-relations","display_name":"intergovernmental relations","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-attitudes","display_name":"organizational attitudes","score":0.3700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/federalism","display_name":"federalism","score":0.3840000033378601}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777152325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108163","display_name":"Proposition","level":2,"score":0.8512561321258545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780765947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12033531","display_name":"Administration (probate law)","level":2,"score":0.7570952773094177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.7078547477722168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.6749744415283203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58583792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171251","display_name":"Administrative law","level":2,"score":0.5953795313835144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.5736405849456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5705940127372742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.4343584179878235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.3424164950847626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2906602621078491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.17215418815612793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.09123086929321289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.06158125400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/977383","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/977383","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/977383","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S76877748","display_name":"Public Administration Review","issn_l":"0033-3352","issn":["0033-3352","1540-6210"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-1","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Public Administration Review","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6164000034332275,"display_name":"Quality education"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.4699999988079071,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W233169767","https://openalex.org/W593104293","https://openalex.org/W650958618","https://openalex.org/W1479851367","https://openalex.org/W1582878381","https://openalex.org/W1971736535","https://openalex.org/W2019177965","https://openalex.org/W2025324491","https://openalex.org/W2045381287","https://openalex.org/W2064065354","https://openalex.org/W2075007796","https://openalex.org/W2083974206","https://openalex.org/W2117961686","https://openalex.org/W2122788051","https://openalex.org/W2125956362","https://openalex.org/W2127249496","https://openalex.org/W2143270449","https://openalex.org/W2151215982","https://openalex.org/W2154965082","https://openalex.org/W2160421049","https://openalex.org/W2318030129","https://openalex.org/W2319261931","https://openalex.org/W2321105701","https://openalex.org/W2321538187","https://openalex.org/W2322043847","https://openalex.org/W2322104425","https://openalex.org/W2323538015","https://openalex.org/W2328607010","https://openalex.org/W2330727595","https://openalex.org/W2333626547","https://openalex.org/W2586587661","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2727316782","https://openalex.org/W655987778","https://openalex.org/W306119055","https://openalex.org/W2066179701","https://openalex.org/W578475589","https://openalex.org/W2346986588","https://openalex.org/W2739013701","https://openalex.org/W572143912","https://openalex.org/W2593724060","https://openalex.org/W2137360633"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Tis":[0],"education":[1,49,56,79,270,338],"forms":[2],"die":[3],"common":[4,440],"mind;":[5],"Just":[6],"as":[7,80,208,227],"the":[8,12,41,63,66,76,87,110,127,131,151,199,205,209,228,261,269,278,293,315,356,439,448,487,540,564,576],"twig":[9],"is":[10,115,258,444,481],"bent":[11],"tree's":[13],"inclined":[14],"(Alexander":[15],"Pope,":[16],"1734).":[17],"Where":[169],"you":[19,24,170,175],"stand":[20,171],"depends":[21,172],"on":[22,86,173,370,486,530],"where":[23],"sit":[25],"(Rufus":[26],"Miles,":[27],"1978).":[28],"Few":[29],"topics":[30],"promote":[31],"more":[32],"extensive":[33,526],"and":[34,44,52,181,189,201,321,339,367,515,552],"even":[35],"endless":[36],"debate":[37],"than":[38,398,424],"issues":[39],"surrounding":[40],"impact,":[42],"positive":[43],"negative,":[45],"of":[46,68,92,97,134,204,222,240,255,264,280,347,358,396,422,490,528,546],"education.":[47],"Does":[48],"in":[50,57,62,75,121,150,159,232,275,288,355,381],"general,":[51],"professional":[53],"public":[54,282,382],"administration":[55,283,383],"particular,":[58],"make":[59],"a":[60,82,119,135,160,223,281,378,387,401,582],"difference":[61,287,436],"performance":[64],"or":[65,90,214,236,374,415,430,474],"perspectives":[67],"its":[69],"recipients?":[70],"Alexander":[71],"Pope's":[72,155,182],"couplet":[73],"stated":[74],"epigraph":[77],"casts":[78],"having":[81],"presumed":[83],"long-term":[84],"influence":[85,361],"mind":[88],"(attitudes":[89],"perspectives)":[91],"mature":[93],"persons.":[94],"By":[95],"way":[96],"contrast,":[98],"Rufus":[99],"Miles'":[100,164,179],"simple":[101],"assertion,":[102],"first":[103],"offered":[104],"many":[105],"years":[106,454],"ago,":[107],"concisely":[108],"captures":[109],"assumed":[111],"attitude":[112,290,325],"alteration":[113],"that":[114,304,410,443,559],"expected":[116,391],"to":[117,129,145,163,186,245,249,259,392,478,538,550],"accompany":[118],"shift":[120],"formal":[122,342],"administrative":[123],"position.":[124,343],"Miles":[125],"coined":[126],"phrase":[128],"describe":[130],"altered":[132],"outlook":[133,235],"person":[136],"shifting":[137],"posts":[138],"from":[139,308],"one":[140,253,336,340],"agency":[141,147,368],"(central":[142],"staff":[143,310,366],"unit)":[144,569],"another":[146],"(line-functional":[148],"department)":[149],"national":[152,329,360],"government.":[153],"If":[154,178],"proposition":[156,183],"were":[157,176,184],"restated":[158],"form":[161],"similar":[162,571],"Law,":[165],"it":[166],"might":[167],"read,":[168],"where/how":[174],"seated/educated.":[177],"Law":[180],"extended":[185],"their":[187,365],"logical":[188],"extreme":[190],"conclusions,":[191],"they":[192,372,574],"would":[193],"be":[194],"incompatible.":[195],"The":[196,216],"former":[197],"claims":[198],"dominant":[200],"controlling":[202],"character":[203,545],"current":[206],"position":[207,294],"variable":[210,229,271,295],"explaining":[211,233],"present":[212],"attitudes":[213],"views.":[215],"latter":[217],"offers":[218],"an":[219,289,323,525],"unspecified":[220],"type":[221],"previous":[224],"mind-shaping":[225],"process":[226],"most":[230],"pertinent":[231],"contemporary":[234],"inclination.":[237],"There":[238],"is,":[239],"course,":[241],"no":[242],"inherent":[243],"reason":[244],"push":[246],"these":[247,266],"assertions":[248],"such":[250],"extremes.":[251],"Indeed,":[252],"purpose":[254],"this":[256,479,547],"article":[257],"examine":[260],"explanatory":[262],"power":[263],"both":[265],"variables.":[267],"For":[268,292],"we":[272,296,319],"are":[273,305,390,411],"interested":[274],"seeing":[276],"whether":[277,298,371],"attainment":[279],"degree":[284,380,389],"makes":[285],"some":[286],"variable.":[291],"explore":[297],"line":[299],"(functional)":[300],"specialists":[301],"hold":[302],"views":[303,572],"notably":[306],"different":[307,583],"central":[309,412],"(generalist)":[311],"personnel.":[312],"Finally,":[313],"for":[314,337,341,484],"dependent":[316],"(attitude/perspective)":[317],"variable,":[318],"create":[320],"analyze":[322],"intergovernmental":[324,465,488,531,553],"dimension":[326],"-":[327],"perceived":[328,359],"influence.":[330],"We":[331,522],"posit":[332],"two":[333],"basic":[334],"hypotheses,":[335],"(1)":[344],"Administrative":[345],"heads":[346],"state":[348,507,511],"agencies":[349,409],"who":[350,407,426],"receive":[351],"federal":[352,499],"aid":[353,500],"differ":[354],"amount":[357],"(PNI)":[362],"exercised":[363],"over":[364],"depending":[369],"have":[373,375],"not)":[376],"obtained":[377],"college-level":[379],"(PA).":[384],"Those":[385],"with":[386],"PA":[388,402],"record":[393,419],"higher":[394,420],"levels":[395,421],"PNI":[397,423],"those":[399],"without":[400],"degree.":[403],"(2)":[404],"State":[405],"administrators":[406,425,501,512],"head":[408,427],"staff,":[413],"control,":[414],"coordination":[416],"entities":[417],"should":[418],"line,":[428],"functional,":[429],"program":[431],"delivery":[432],"agencies.":[433],"This":[434],"hypothesized":[435],"simply":[437],"expresses":[438],"generalist-specialist":[441],"conflict":[442],"often":[445],"captured":[446],"by":[447,456,579],"picket-fence":[449],"federalism":[551],"metaphor":[451],"popularized":[452],"25":[453],"ago":[455],"then-governor":[457],"Terry":[458],"Sanford":[459],"(1967).":[460],"Intergovernmental":[461],"Perspectives":[462],"How":[463],"do":[464],"participants":[466],"at":[467,581],"each":[468],"level":[469,567],"perceive":[470],"other":[471,517],"participants'":[472],"policies":[473],"outlooks?":[475],"Research":[476],"responding":[477],"question":[480],"well":[482],"established,":[483],"example,":[485],"perceptions":[489],"city":[491],"officials":[492,562],"(Kane,":[493],"1984;":[494],"Pressman,":[495],"1975;":[496,503],"Wright,":[497],"1973),":[498],"(Pressman,":[502],"U.S.":[504],"Senate,":[505],"1965),":[506],"legislators":[508],"(Thomas,":[509],"1979),":[510],"(Wright,":[513],"1982),":[514],"various":[516,535],"actors":[518,580],"(Weidner,":[519],"1954,":[520],"1960).":[521],"cannot":[523],"provide":[524],"exposition":[527],"research":[529,548],"perspectives,":[532],"but":[533,542],"mention":[534],"studies":[536,557],"only":[537],"acknowledge":[539],"diverse":[541],"generally":[543],"non-cumulative":[544],"approach":[549],"relations.":[554],"Most":[555],"perception":[556],"recognize":[558],"not":[560],"all":[561],"within":[563],"same":[565],"governmental":[566],"(or":[568],"develop":[570],"when":[573],"see":[575],"positions":[577],"taken":[578],"government":[584],"level.":[585],"\u2026":[586]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}