{"id":"https://openalex.org/W196396546","doi":null,"title":"Screening for colorectal cancer: the business case.","display_name":"Screening for colorectal cancer: the business case.","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W196396546","mag":"196396546","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12068960"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:12068960","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12068960","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American journal of managed care","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056939569","display_name":"Robert Huntington Fletcher","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111543","display_name":"Harvard Pilgrim Health Care","ror":"https://ror.org/01zxdeg39","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111543"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert H Fletcher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ambulatory Care and Prevention, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston, MA 02215, USA. robert_fletcher@hms.harvard.edu","Department of Ambulatory Care and Prevention , Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care , Boston , MA , 02215 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ambulatory Care and Prevention, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston, MA 02215, USA. robert_fletcher@hms.harvard.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210111543"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ambulatory Care and Prevention , Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care , Boston , MA , 02215 , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210111543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031201037","display_name":"Graham A. Colditz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7307-0291","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7307-0291"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Graham A Colditz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Surgery - Department of Surgery"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Surgery - Department of Surgery","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073922047","display_name":"L. Greg Pawlson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L Greg Pawlson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022917830","display_name":"Howard Richman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Howard Richman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031390646","display_name":"David I. Rosenthal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7124-7447","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7124-7447"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Rosenthal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050264750","display_name":"Patricia R. Salber","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patricia R Salber","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4437,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62487356,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"6","first_page":"531","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10552","display_name":"Colorectal Cancer Screening and Detection","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10552","display_name":"Colorectal Cancer Screening and Detection","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10556","display_name":"Global Cancer Incidence and Screening","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10335","display_name":"Colorectal Cancer Surgical Treatments","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colorectal-cancer-screening","display_name":"colorectal cancer screening","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-case","display_name":"business case","score":0.6100000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/healthcare-decision-making","display_name":"healthcare decision-making","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-effectiveness","display_name":"cost-effectiveness","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-care","display_name":"quality of care","score":0.593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insurance-coverage","display_name":"insurance coverage","score":0.5849999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/screening-implementation","display_name":"screening program implementation","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/screening-costs","display_name":"screening costs","score":0.41200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/follow-up-tests","display_name":"follow-up tests","score":0.4410000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-complications","display_name":"medical complications","score":0.5580000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-malpractice-claims","display_name":"malpractice claims","score":0.5149999856948853}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7779995203018188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.4764678478240967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776463041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044843","display_name":"Cancer screening","level":3,"score":0.4622167944908142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779628136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621206","display_name":"Disappointment","level":2,"score":0.45673418045043945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780265253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1416012","display_name":"Managed care","level":3,"score":0.4528438150882721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.3589894771575928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.24014827609062195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.19940361380577087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001466","descriptor_name":"Barium Sulfate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003113","descriptor_name":"Colonoscopy","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003287","descriptor_name":"Contrast Media","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003362","descriptor_name":"Cost-Benefit Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004733","descriptor_name":"Enema","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008318","descriptor_name":"Malpractice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008329","descriptor_name":"Managed Care Programs","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008403","descriptor_name":"Mass Screening","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008403","descriptor_name":"Mass Screening","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009780","descriptor_name":"Occult Blood","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010342","descriptor_name":"Patient Acceptance of Health Care","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012812","descriptor_name":"Sigmoidoscopy","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015179","descriptor_name":"Colorectal Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015397","descriptor_name":"Program Evaluation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017410","descriptor_name":"Practice Guidelines as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:12068960","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12068960","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American journal of managed care","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},{"id":"mag:196396546","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12068960","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9537000060081482,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1605802060","https://openalex.org/W1976975876","https://openalex.org/W1979895833","https://openalex.org/W2009460002","https://openalex.org/W2014320166","https://openalex.org/W2014495259","https://openalex.org/W2015213611","https://openalex.org/W2017289592","https://openalex.org/W2021362203","https://openalex.org/W2046686567","https://openalex.org/W2048503643","https://openalex.org/W2063539448","https://openalex.org/W2072429095","https://openalex.org/W2077348225","https://openalex.org/W2089845985","https://openalex.org/W2102290978","https://openalex.org/W2102993164","https://openalex.org/W2137632872","https://openalex.org/W2142217125","https://openalex.org/W2161920747","https://openalex.org/W2163722616","https://openalex.org/W2316655320"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2381600337","https://openalex.org/W2060067376","https://openalex.org/W2058465240","https://openalex.org/W2418586006","https://openalex.org/W1978970094","https://openalex.org/W2147447962","https://openalex.org/W1984967960","https://openalex.org/W1034006585","https://openalex.org/W2320420142","https://openalex.org/W4285284283"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Colorectal":[0],"cancer":[1,102,225],"screening":[2,25,70,103,143,201,226],"is":[3,31,120,161],"advocated":[4],"by":[5],"expert":[6],"groups":[7,49],"based":[8],"on":[9,75,85],"strong":[10,95],"evidence":[11],"of":[12,78,88,124,133,138,169],"effectiveness,":[13],"yet":[14],"only":[15],"approximately":[16],"1":[17],"in":[18,116,217],"3":[19],"Americans":[20],"are":[21,94,186,215,228],"screened.":[22],"For":[23],"a":[24,121],"program":[26],"to":[27,35,39,43,50,61,149,154,188,230,234],"be":[28],"effective,":[29],"it":[30,107,119],"necessary":[32],"for":[33,45,97,247],"providers":[34],"offer":[36,150],"and":[37,47,53,56,59,67,91,136,145,147,157,173,175,197],"patients":[38],"accept":[40],"screening,":[41,46,170],"insurers":[42],"pay":[44],"provider":[48],"have":[51,209],"monitoring":[52],"reminder":[54],"systems":[55],"the":[57,63,76,86,167,176,182],"expertise":[58],"facilities":[60],"perform":[62],"tests":[64],"well.":[65],"Whether":[66],"when":[68],"such":[69,240],"programs":[71,104,140,208,227,241],"become":[72],"successful":[73,207],"depends":[74],"priorities":[77],"healthcare":[79],"decision":[80,98],"makers":[81,99],"as":[82,84,109,112],"much":[83],"efforts":[87],"individual":[89],"physicians":[90],"patients.":[92],"There":[93],"arguments":[96],"giving":[100],"colorectal":[101,224],"high":[105,245],"priority:":[106],"saves":[108],"many":[110,179],"lives":[111],"other":[113],"services":[114],"now":[115],"common":[117],"use;":[118],"good":[122],"use":[123],"scarce":[125],"resources,":[126],"costing":[127],"less":[128],"than":[129],"$20,000":[130],"per":[131],"year":[132],"life":[134],"saved;":[135],"members":[137,189],"insurance":[139],"increasingly":[141],"expect":[142],"benefits":[144],"programs,":[146],"failure":[148],"them":[151,244],"might":[152],"lead":[153],"member":[155],"dissatisfaction":[156],"malpractice":[158],"claims.":[159],"Screening":[160],"costly,":[162],"however,":[163],"taking":[164],"into":[165],"account":[166],"cost":[168],"follow-up":[171],"tests,":[172],"treatments,":[174],"costs":[177],"occur":[178],"years":[180],"before":[181],"benefits.":[183],"Programs":[184],"that":[185,213,223],"promoted":[187],"but":[190],"not":[191],"fully":[192],"implemented":[193],"could":[194],"create":[195],"disappointment":[196],"backlash.":[198],"Also,":[199],"this":[200],"can":[202],"cause":[203],"medical":[204],"complications.":[205],"Nevertheless,":[206],"been":[210],"developed,":[211],"proving":[212],"they":[214],"feasible":[216],"today's":[218],"cost-conscious":[219],"environment.":[220],"We":[221],"believe":[222],"integral":[229],"any":[231],"organization":[232],"purporting":[233],"provide":[235],"high-quality":[236],"care.":[237],"Organizations":[238],"without":[239],"should":[242],"give":[243],"priority":[246],"implementation.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}