{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1963872652","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2897133","title":"Invited Article: Development of high-field superconducting Ioffe magnetic traps","display_name":"Invited Article: Development of high-field superconducting Ioffe magnetic traps","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1963872652","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2897133","mag":"1963872652","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18376990"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1063/1.2897133","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2897133","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2897133","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S31010182","display_name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","issn_l":"0034-6748","issn":["0034-6748","1089-7623","1527-2400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320257","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048861559","display_name":"L. Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5272-050X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5272-050X","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3294-0879"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University 1 Physics Department, , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA","2Physics Department, North Carolina State University, Rayleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA","3National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA","4National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA","5Physics Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University 1 Physics Department, , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"2Physics Department, North Carolina State University, Rayleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"3National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"4National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"5Physics Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062156076","display_name":"C. R. Brome","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. R. Brome","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University 1 Physics Department, , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA","2Physics Department, North Carolina State University, Rayleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA","3National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA","4National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA","5Physics Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University 1 Physics Department, , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"2Physics Department, North Carolina State University, Rayleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"3National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"4National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"5Physics Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037586479","display_name":"James Butterworth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9667-0396","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9667-0396"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. S. Butterworth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University 1 Physics Department, , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA","2Physics Department, North Carolina State University, Rayleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA","3National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA","4National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA","5Physics Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University 1 Physics Department, , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"2Physics Department, North Carolina State University, Rayleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"3National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"4National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"5Physics Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000862932","display_name":"S. N. Dzhosyuk","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. N. Dzhosyuk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University 1 Physics Department, , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA","2Physics Department, North Carolina State University, Rayleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA","3National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA","4National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA","5Physics Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University 1 Physics Department, , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"2Physics Department, North Carolina State University, Rayleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"3National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"4National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"5Physics Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035123158","display_name":"C. E. H. Mattoni","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. E. H. Mattoni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University 1 Physics Department, , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA","2Physics Department, North Carolina State University, Rayleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA","3National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA","4National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA","5Physics Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University 1 Physics Department, , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"2Physics Department, North Carolina State University, Rayleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"3National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"4National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"5Physics Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058140882","display_name":"Daniel N. McKinsey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5723-2409","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5723-2409"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. N. McKinsey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University 1 Physics Department, , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA","2Physics Department, North Carolina State University, Rayleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA","3National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA","4National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA","5Physics Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University 1 Physics Department, , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"2Physics Department, North Carolina State University, Rayleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"3National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"4National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"5Physics Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027953178","display_name":"R. A. Michniak","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. A. Michniak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University 1 Physics Department, , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA","2Physics Department, North Carolina State University, Rayleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA","3National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA","4National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA","5Physics Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University 1 Physics Department, , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"2Physics Department, North Carolina State University, Rayleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"3National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"4National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"5Physics Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070801195","display_name":"John M. Doyle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9793-7630","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9793-7630","https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9610-4392"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. M. Doyle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University 1 Physics Department, , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA","2Physics Department, North Carolina State University, Rayleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA","3National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA","4National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA","5Physics Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University 1 Physics Department, , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"2Physics Department, North Carolina State University, Rayleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"3National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"4National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"5Physics Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034676046","display_name":"Robert Golub","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7881-1207","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7881-1207"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Golub","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina State University 2 Physics Department, , Rayleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA","1Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA","3National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA","4National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA","5Physics Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University 2 Physics Department, , Rayleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"3National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"4National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"5Physics Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037478954","display_name":"E. Korobkina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6098-3681","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6098-3681"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Korobkina","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina State University 2 Physics Department, , Rayleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA","1Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA","3National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA","4National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA","5Physics Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University 2 Physics Department, , Rayleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"3National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"4National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"5Physics Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036677431","display_name":"Christopher M. O\u2019Shaughnessy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0428-7374","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0428-7374"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. M. O\u2019Shaughnessy","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina State University 2 Physics Department, , Rayleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA","1Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA","3National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA","4National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA","5Physics Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University 2 Physics Department, , Rayleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"3National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"4National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"5Physics Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069787117","display_name":"Grant Palmquist","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. R. Palmquist","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina State University 2 Physics Department, , Rayleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA","1Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA","3National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA","4National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA","5Physics Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University 2 Physics Department, , Rayleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"3National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"4National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"5Physics Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112295607","display_name":"P.\u2010N. Seo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P.-N. Seo","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina State University 2 Physics Department, , Rayleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA","1Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA","3National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA","4National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA","5Physics Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University 2 Physics Department, , Rayleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"3National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"4National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"5Physics Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020965164","display_name":"P.R. Huffman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2562-1378","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2562-1378"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. R. Huffman","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina State University 2 Physics Department, , Rayleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA","1Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA","3National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA","4National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA","5Physics Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University 2 Physics Department, , Rayleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"3National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"4National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"5Physics Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084389177","display_name":"Kevin J. Coakley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3787-2577","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3787-2577"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. J. Coakley","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Standards and Technology 3 , Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA","1Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA","2Physics Department, North Carolina State University, Rayleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA","4National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA","5Physics Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Standards and Technology 3 , Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"2Physics Department, North Carolina State University, Rayleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"4National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"5Physics Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002157386","display_name":"H. Pieter Mumm","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4204-9817","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4204-9817"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. P. Mumm","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Standards and Technology 4 , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA","1Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA","2Physics Department, North Carolina State University, Rayleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA","3National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA","5Physics Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Standards and Technology 4 , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"2Physics Department, North Carolina State University, Rayleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"3National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"5Physics Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070635231","display_name":"Alan K. Thompson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7212-5724","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7212-5724"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. K. Thompson","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Standards and Technology 4 , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA","1Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA","2Physics Department, North Carolina State University, Rayleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA","3National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA","5Physics Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Standards and Technology 4 , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"2Physics Department, North Carolina State University, Rayleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"3National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"5Physics Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076173361","display_name":"Guangjun Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4616-7151","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4616-7151"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. L. Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Standards and Technology 4 , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA","1Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA","2Physics Department, North Carolina State University, Rayleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA","3National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA","5Physics Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Standards and Technology 4 , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"2Physics Department, North Carolina State University, Rayleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"3National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"5Physics Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035458296","display_name":"S. K. Lamoreaux","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0242-7799","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0242-7799"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. K. Lamoreaux","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yale University 5 Physics Department, , New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA","1Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA","2Physics Department, North Carolina State University, Rayleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA","3National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA","4National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale University 5 Physics Department, , New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"2Physics Department, North Carolina State University, Rayleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"3National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"4National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8747,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75355278,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"79","issue":"3","first_page":"031301","last_page":"031301"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11808","display_name":"Superconducting Materials and Applications","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11808","display_name":"Superconducting Materials and Applications","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11367","display_name":"Particle accelerators and beam dynamics","score":0.005100000184029341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10346","display_name":"Magnetic confinement fusion research","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/superconducting-magnets","display_name":"superconducting magnets","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-field-magnets","display_name":"high-field magnets","score":0.5410000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solenoid","display_name":"solenoid","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nbti-superconducting-wire","display_name":"NbTi superconducting wire","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wet-winding","display_name":"wet winding","score":0.44200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quench-protection","display_name":"quench protection","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnet-design","display_name":"magnet design","score":0.4699999988079071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192144188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245739","display_name":"Solenoid","level":2,"score":0.8324967622756958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121099081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q665580","display_name":"Trap (plumbing)","level":2,"score":0.8106648921966553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16389437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11421","display_name":"Magnet","level":2,"score":0.7634143829345703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172108966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120120","display_name":"Superconducting magnet","level":3,"score":0.7247087955474854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148043351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4456944","display_name":"Current (fluid)","level":2,"score":0.7197313904762268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39984356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2121987","display_name":"Quadrupole","level":2,"score":0.6425448060035706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54101563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124131","display_name":"Superconductivity","level":2,"score":0.6128230094909668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176234127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758597","display_name":"Quadrupole magnet","level":3,"score":0.5666153430938721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5435495376586914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.5031024813652039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3424742519855499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46141821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209402","display_name":"Nuclear magnetic resonance","level":1,"score":0.335180401802063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.30239027738571167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184779094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383","display_name":"Atomic physics","level":1,"score":0.2723461389541626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.05637487769126892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1063/1.2897133","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2897133","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2897133","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S31010182","display_name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","issn_l":"0034-6748","issn":["0034-6748","1089-7623","1527-2400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320257","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:18376990","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18376990","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Review of scientific instruments","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313883","display_name":"National High Magnetic Field Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03s53g630"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1657672565","https://openalex.org/W1967476869","https://openalex.org/W1972405784","https://openalex.org/W2006069854","https://openalex.org/W2012953698","https://openalex.org/W2046232988","https://openalex.org/W2060137378","https://openalex.org/W2061730459","https://openalex.org/W2064044274","https://openalex.org/W2095459601","https://openalex.org/W2151555691","https://openalex.org/W2162000253","https://openalex.org/W4206548388"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2031004073","https://openalex.org/W7133322010","https://openalex.org/W2060137378","https://openalex.org/W2149361801","https://openalex.org/W2145019098","https://openalex.org/W2938381763","https://openalex.org/W2550831084","https://openalex.org/W4414687833","https://openalex.org/W3082438120","https://openalex.org/W2115577481"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"describe":[1],"the":[2,116],"design,":[3],"construction,":[4],"and":[5,29,52,66,80,94,123],"performance":[6],"of":[7,10,59,91,98,107],"three":[8],"generations":[9],"superconducting":[11,40],"Ioffe":[12],"magnetic":[13],"traps.":[14],"The":[15,46,110],"first":[16],"two":[17,30,81],"are":[18,34,50],"low":[19,82,102],"current":[20,76,83,103,112],"traps,":[21],"built":[22],"from":[23],"four":[24],"racetrack":[25],"shaped":[26],"quadrupole":[27,78],"coils":[28],"solenoid":[31],"assemblies.":[32],"Coils":[33],"wet":[35],"wound":[36],"with":[37,55],"multifilament":[38],"NbTi":[39],"wires":[41],"embedded":[42],"in":[43],"epoxy":[44],"matrices.":[45],"magnet":[47,79],"bore":[48,89],"diameters":[49],"51":[51],"105":[53],"mm":[54,93],"identical":[56],"trap":[57,72,86,96],"depths":[58],"1.0":[60],"T":[61],"at":[62,67],"their":[63],"operating":[64],"currents":[65],"4.2":[68],"K.":[69],"A":[70],"third":[71],"uses":[73],"a":[74,88],"high":[75,111],"accelerator-type":[77],"solenoids.":[84],"This":[85],"has":[87],"diameter":[90],"140":[92],"tested":[95],"depth":[97],"2.8":[99],"T.":[100],"Both":[101],"traps":[104],"show":[105],"signs":[106],"excessive":[108],"training.":[109],"hybrid":[113],"trap,":[114],"on":[115],"other":[117],"hand,":[118],"exhibits":[119],"good":[120],"training":[121],"behavior":[122],"is":[124],"amenable":[125],"to":[126],"quench":[127],"protection.":[128]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}