{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1963577271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01900699308524883","title":"Professionalizing the american states in the 1990s","display_name":"Professionalizing the american states in the 1990s","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1963577271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01900699308524883","mag":"1963577271"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/01900699308524883","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01900699308524883","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01900699308524883","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S39541053","display_name":"International Journal of Public Administration","issn_l":"0190-0692","issn":["0190-0692","1532-4265"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Public Administration","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W1963577271"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004559402","display_name":"Beverly A. Cigler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2599-0840","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2599-0840"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Beverly A. Cigler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Professor of Public Policy and Administration, Penn State Harrisburg, 777 W. Harrisburg Pike, Middletown, Pennsylvania, 17057-4898"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor of Public Policy and Administration, Penn State Harrisburg, 777 W. Harrisburg Pike, Middletown, Pennsylvania, 17057-4898","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004559402"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3116,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76118842,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"12","first_page":"1965","last_page":"2000"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10213","display_name":"Public Policy and Administration Research","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10213","display_name":"Public Policy and Administration Research","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13459","display_name":"Public Administration and Political Analysis","score":0.0020000000949949026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13988","display_name":"Public Administration and Governance","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-executive-branch","display_name":"state executive branch","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/executive-branch-reorganization","display_name":"executive branch reorganization","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-management-reform","display_name":"public management reform","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government-productivity","display_name":"government productivity","score":0.5289999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiscal-capacity","display_name":"fiscal capacity","score":0.5429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-capacity","display_name":"political capacity","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-government-reform","display_name":"local government reform","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-local-relations","display_name":"state-local relations","score":0.5389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/1990s","display_name":"1990s","score":0.9419999718666077}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017754240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35798","display_name":"Executive branch","level":3,"score":0.8541646599769592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108170787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3951828","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.7400895953178406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.7082628011703491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.6409172415733337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.6152246594429016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5617187023162842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5615705251693726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017995491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19483216","display_name":"Organizational change","level":2,"score":0.49703648686408997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.47818973660469055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986592023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1802419","display_name":"State government","level":3,"score":0.4237672686576843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778719706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6501447","display_name":"Local government","level":2,"score":0.37110435962677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.3429988622665405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.253744900226593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2140667736530304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.20638403296470642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.20366638898849487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.08902990818023682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/01900699308524883","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01900699308524883","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01900699308524883","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S39541053","display_name":"International Journal of Public Administration","issn_l":"0190-0692","issn":["0190-0692","1532-4265"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Public Administration","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.5473999977111816}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W62236384","https://openalex.org/W249742211","https://openalex.org/W596972387","https://openalex.org/W628522643","https://openalex.org/W647648036","https://openalex.org/W1540371363","https://openalex.org/W1566447476","https://openalex.org/W1965947626","https://openalex.org/W1966680299","https://openalex.org/W1968340035","https://openalex.org/W1990363230","https://openalex.org/W2019177965","https://openalex.org/W2064852520","https://openalex.org/W2073840323","https://openalex.org/W2083768610","https://openalex.org/W2117961686","https://openalex.org/W2120633813","https://openalex.org/W2122788051","https://openalex.org/W2134739834","https://openalex.org/W2312184941","https://openalex.org/W2314076385","https://openalex.org/W2314301288","https://openalex.org/W2316052633","https://openalex.org/W2320287640","https://openalex.org/W2320579521","https://openalex.org/W2328625050","https://openalex.org/W2329168635","https://openalex.org/W2333983184","https://openalex.org/W2799959972","https://openalex.org/W3120177884","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2005824327","https://openalex.org/W2070411480","https://openalex.org/W2232347281","https://openalex.org/W7096437031","https://openalex.org/W2028388687","https://openalex.org/W2168242232","https://openalex.org/W4232887982","https://openalex.org/W2797031209","https://openalex.org/W2062983766","https://openalex.org/W2037913841"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"reviews":[2],"state":[3,64],"executive":[4,28],"branch":[5,29],"efforts":[6],"to":[7,43,48,50],"professionalize":[8],"in":[9,25,81],"the":[10,40,46,52,58,79],"1990s.":[11],"The":[12,36,71],"states\u2019":[13],"political,":[14],"fiscal,":[15],"and":[16,31,33,57],"managerial":[17],"capabilities":[18],"are":[19],"assessed":[20],"by":[21,78],"examining":[22],"recent":[23],"changes":[24],"governors\u2019":[26],"offices,":[27],"reorganizations,":[30],"management":[32],"productivity":[34],"initiatives.":[35],"focus":[37],"is":[38,73],"on":[39,75],"process":[41],"used":[42],"better":[44],"prepare":[45],"states":[47],"respond":[49],"change,":[51],"multi-agency":[53],"issues":[54],"under":[55],"reform,":[56],"relative":[59],"lack":[60],"of":[61,63],"integration":[62],"agency":[65],"reform":[66],"with":[67],"local":[68],"government":[69],"change.":[70],"analysis":[72],"based":[74],"research":[76],"conducted":[77],"author":[80],"1991.":[82]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}