{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1963181517","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1062695","title":"Europe's Database Experiment","display_name":"Europe's Database Experiment","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-10-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1963181517","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1062695","mag":"1963181517","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11679651"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1126/science.1062695","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1062695","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1062695","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3880285","display_name":"Science","issn_l":"0036-8075","issn":["0036-8075","0193-4511","1095-9203"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://dare.uva.nl/personal/pure/en/publications/europes-database-experiment(f583689d-6896-4b46-a206-92939967b9db).html","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109830864","display_name":"Stephen M. Maurer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stephen M. Maurer","raw_affiliation_strings":["S. M. Maurer is a practicing attorney at 2632 Hilgard Street, Berkeley, CA 94709, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"S. M. Maurer is a practicing attorney at 2632 Hilgard Street, Berkeley, CA 94709, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091684133","display_name":"P.B. Hugenholtz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887064364","display_name":"University of Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/04dkp9463","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Bernt Hugenholtz","raw_affiliation_strings":["P. B. Hugenholtz is in the Institute for Information Law, University of Amsterdam, Rokin 84, NL-1012 KX Amsterdam, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"P. B. Hugenholtz is in the Institute for Information Law, University of Amsterdam, Rokin 84, NL-1012 KX Amsterdam, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009940416","display_name":"Harlan J. Onsrud","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7947594","display_name":"University of Maine","ror":"https://ror.org/01adr0w49","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802397601","https://openalex.org/I7947594"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harlan J. Onsrud","raw_affiliation_strings":["H. Onsrud is in the Department of Spatial Information Studies, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469-5711 USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"H. Onsrud is in the Department of Spatial Information Studies, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469-5711 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7947594"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109830864"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":233.486,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":115,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99989183,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"294","issue":"5543","first_page":"789","last_page":"790"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13364","display_name":"Digitalization, Law, and Regulation","score":0.295199990272522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13364","display_name":"Digitalization, Law, and Regulation","score":0.295199990272522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13842","display_name":"Intellectual Property Law","score":0.23499999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14457","display_name":"Intellectual Property Rights and Media","score":0.1738000065088272,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copyright","display_name":"copyright","score":0.32499998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/european-union","display_name":"European Union","score":0.3569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telephone-directories","display_name":"telephone directories","score":0.5979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-domain","display_name":"public domain","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-integration","display_name":"database integration","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-research","display_name":"academic research","score":0.42399999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-policy","display_name":"information policy","score":0.4569999873638153}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778432050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1790733","display_name":"Cripple","level":2,"score":0.9314128160476685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.6219657063484192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512654426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19652","display_name":"Public domain","level":2,"score":0.46987754106521606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.35124677419662476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.33061155676841736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.25549453496932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.22686341404914856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0943438708782196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0799994170665741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D005060","descriptor_name":"Europe","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005062","descriptor_name":"European Union","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018973","descriptor_name":"Intellectual Property","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020407","descriptor_name":"Internet","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1126/science.1062695","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1062695","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1062695","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3880285","display_name":"Science","issn_l":"0036-8075","issn":["0036-8075","0193-4511","1095-9203"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:11679651","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11679651","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science (New York, N.Y.)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dare.uva.nl:openaire_cris_publications/f583689d-6896-4b46-a206-92939967b9db","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://handle.uba.uva.nl/personal/pure/en/publications/europes-database-experiment(f583689d-6896-4b46-a206-92939967b9db).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400088","display_name":"UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I887064364","host_organization_name":"University of Amsterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Hugenholtz, P B, Maurer, S M & Onsrud, H J 2001, 'Europe's database experiment', Science, vol. 294, no. 26-10-2001, pp. 789-790. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1062695","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:uvapub:oai:dare.uva.nl:publications/f583689d-6896-4b46-a206-92939967b9db","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dare.uva.nl/personal/pure/en/publications/europes-database-experiment(f583689d-6896-4b46-a206-92939967b9db).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Science, 294(26-10-2001), 789 - 790. American Association for the Advancement of Science","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:uvapub:oai:dare.uva.nl:publications/f583689d-6896-4b46-a206-92939967b9db","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dare.uva.nl/personal/pure/en/publications/europes-database-experiment(f583689d-6896-4b46-a206-92939967b9db).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Science, 294(26-10-2001), 789 - 790. American Association for the Advancement of Science","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.7297000288963318,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.4000000059604645,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W74417574","https://openalex.org/W1540870897","https://openalex.org/W2127909256"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1540870897","https://openalex.org/W1994394683","https://openalex.org/W1277376904","https://openalex.org/W2188100264","https://openalex.org/W1529799683","https://openalex.org/W125892316","https://openalex.org/W7095673689","https://openalex.org/W2078855528","https://openalex.org/W2602658446","https://openalex.org/W2797391366"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Database":[0],"protection":[1],"laws":[2,20],"in":[3],"Europe":[4],"may":[5],"have":[6,21],"produced":[7,23],"a":[8],"modest,":[9],"one-time":[10],"growth":[11],"spurt":[12],"for":[13],"commercial":[14,58],"providers.":[15],"Unfortunately,":[16],"Europe's":[17],"new":[18,34],"database":[19,37],"also":[22],"significant":[24],"problems":[25,55],"including":[26],"overprotection":[27],"of":[28,42,48],"low-value":[29],"data":[30],"(e.g.,":[31],"telephone":[32],"books),":[33],"barriers":[35],"to":[36],"integration,":[38],"and":[39,59],"further":[40],"erosion":[41],"the":[43],"public":[44],"domain.":[45],"The":[46],"authors":[47],"this":[49],"Policy":[50],"Forum":[51],"caution":[52],"that":[53],"these":[54],"could":[56],"cripple":[57],"academic":[60],"science.":[61]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}