{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1962228051","doi":null,"title":"Use of screening phase data to evaluate observer variation of sputum cytodiagnosis as an outcome measure in a chemoprevention trial.","display_name":"Use of screening phase data to evaluate observer variation of sputum cytodiagnosis as an outcome measure in a chemoprevention trial.","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-02-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1962228051","mag":"1962228051","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2404590"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:2404590","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2404590","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cancer research","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111837338","display_name":"George P. Browman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G P Browman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ontario Cancer Treatment and Research Foundation, St. Joseph's Hospital, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ontario Cancer Treatment and Research Foundation, St. Joseph's Hospital, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049232174","display_name":"Andrew Arnold","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8821-8527","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8821-8527"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A Arnold","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"M N Levine","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M N Levine","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005499825","display_name":"T.J. D'Souza","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T D'Souza","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024124296","display_name":"L M Turner-Smith","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L M Turner-Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077306350","display_name":"R Cayco","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R Cayco","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037939789","display_name":"B Johnstone","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B Johnstone","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078871599","display_name":"R Birse","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R Birse","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2328,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80221811,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"50","issue":"4","first_page":"1216","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13309","display_name":"Reliability and Agreement in Measurement","score":0.7451000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13309","display_name":"Reliability and Agreement in Measurement","score":0.7451000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10202","display_name":"Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.19840000569820404,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10143","display_name":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","score":0.00860000029206276,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observer-variability","display_name":"observer variability","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interobserver-agreement","display_name":"interobserver agreement","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kappa-statistic","display_name":"kappa statistic","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemoprevention-trials","display_name":"chemoprevention trials","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outcome-measures","display_name":"outcome measures","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heavy-smokers","display_name":"heavy smokers","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lung-cancer-prevention","display_name":"lung cancer prevention","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/premalignant-changes","display_name":"premalignant changes","score":0.753000020980835}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778724333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14401","display_name":"Kappa","level":2,"score":0.7779399156570435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7423460483551025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163864269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1107106","display_name":"Cohen's kappa","level":2,"score":0.6141113042831421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780704645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9251458","display_name":"Observer (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4903531074523926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776301714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q259346","display_name":"Sputum","level":3,"score":0.46581530570983887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.41206198930740356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.38221463561058044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.36372435092926025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.20867031812667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781069245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12204","display_name":"Tuberculosis","level":2,"score":0.1870521605014801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1832205355167389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D005050","descriptor_name":"Etretinate","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008168","descriptor_name":"Lung","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008168","descriptor_name":"Lung","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008175","descriptor_name":"Lung Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008679","descriptor_name":"Metaplasia","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010865","descriptor_name":"Pilot Projects","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012907","descriptor_name":"Smoking","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013183","descriptor_name":"Sputum","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015588","descriptor_name":"Observer Variation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016032","descriptor_name":"Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:2404590","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2404590","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cancer research","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"},{"id":"mag:1962228051","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2404590","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W114965413","https://openalex.org/W1910510736","https://openalex.org/W1966184253","https://openalex.org/W1974930980","https://openalex.org/W1987606124","https://openalex.org/W1989094298","https://openalex.org/W2016832289","https://openalex.org/W2018848060","https://openalex.org/W2026914306","https://openalex.org/W2047529073","https://openalex.org/W2052842687","https://openalex.org/W2053154970","https://openalex.org/W2143212668","https://openalex.org/W2150290224","https://openalex.org/W2415531175"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1513198042","https://openalex.org/W2417786263","https://openalex.org/W7095359629","https://openalex.org/W2463142233","https://openalex.org/W2109438618","https://openalex.org/W2432853708","https://openalex.org/W2057949771","https://openalex.org/W2339833434","https://openalex.org/W2791460507","https://openalex.org/W2435516353"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sputum":[0],"samples":[1],"obtained":[2,180],"during":[3],"the":[4,29,58,93,105,182,186,193,197,208,243,257,272,276],"screening":[5,183],"phase":[6,184],"of":[7,24,31,46,60,87,99,122,138,165,167,185,207,214,259,265,275,278],"a":[8,65,120,240],"chemoprevention":[9,279],"trial":[10,198],"in":[11,63,104],"heavy":[12],"smokers":[13],"were":[14,98,172],"evaluated":[15,118],"independently":[16],"by":[17,133],"trained":[18],"cytotechnologists":[19],"and":[20,49,53,115,150,271],"classified":[21],"for":[22,72,111,144,152,196,267],"degree":[23],"cellular":[25],"atypia":[26],"according":[27],"to":[28,70,174,191,218,227,253,255],"method":[30],"Saccommano":[32,36],"et":[33,37],"al.":[34],"(G.":[35],"al.,":[38],"Cancer":[39],"(Phila.),":[40],"33:":[41],"256-270,":[42],"1974).":[43],"The":[44,136,212,262],"level":[45],"agreement":[47,61,77,110,141],"within":[48,139,168],"between":[50],"Observers":[51,113],"A":[52,114,146],"B":[54,116,154],"was":[55,67,84,117,142],"calculated":[56],"as":[57],"percentage":[59,137],"and,":[62],"addition,":[64],"statistic":[66],"used":[68],"(kappa)":[69],"correct":[71],"chance-expected":[73],"agreement.":[74],"Between":[75],"observer":[76,109,140,169],"on":[78,119,129,221,230],"300":[79],"specimens":[80,124],"from":[81,125,181,205],"130":[82],"subjects":[83,127,266],"68%":[85],"(204":[86],"300)":[88],"(kappa":[89,147,155],"=":[90,148,156],"0.58).":[91],"Of":[92],"96":[94],"disagreements,":[95],"only":[96,175],"17":[97],"more":[100],"than":[101,160],"one":[102,176],"category":[103],"six-category":[106],"classification.":[107],"Within":[108],"both":[112],"subset":[121],"60":[123],"49":[126],"examined":[128],"two":[130],"separate":[131],"occasions":[132],"each":[134],"observer.":[135],"80%":[143],"Observer":[145,153],"0.73)":[149],"62%":[151],"0.49)":[157],"(P":[158],"less":[159],"0.04).":[161],"Altogether,":[162],"71%":[163],"(25":[164],"35)":[166],"discordant":[170],"readings":[171],"confined":[173],"category.":[177],"These":[178],"data,":[179],"study,":[187],"will":[188],"allow":[189],"us":[190],"refine":[192],"outcome":[194],"measure":[195],"without":[199],"introducing":[200],"bias":[201],"that":[202],"could":[203],"result":[204],"knowledge":[206],"actual":[209],"study":[210],"results.":[211],"failure":[213],"conventional":[215],"cancer":[216,223],"treatments":[217],"impact":[219],"significantly":[220],"overall":[222],"mortality":[224],"has":[225],"led":[226],"an":[228],"emphasis":[229],"prevention.":[231],"If":[232],"premalignant":[233],"changes":[234],"can":[235],"be":[236,251],"reliably":[237],"detected":[238],"at":[239],"time":[241],"when":[242],"malignant":[244],"process":[245],"is":[246],"reversible,":[247],"then":[248],"it":[249],"may":[250],"feasible":[252],"intervene":[254],"prevent":[256],"occurrence":[258],"some":[260],"cancers.":[261],"appropriate":[263],"selection":[264],"such":[268],"intervention":[269],"trials":[270],"subsequent":[273],"demonstration":[274],"efficacy":[277],"strategies":[280],"are":[281],"therefore":[282],"crucial.":[283]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
