{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1961291139","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.71275","title":"On eradication of woody plants with herbicides in fields and pastures","display_name":"On eradication of woody plants with herbicides in fields and pastures","publication_year":1950,"publication_date":"1950-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1961291139","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.71275","mag":"1961291139"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23986/afsci.71275","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.71275","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.71275","pdf_url":"https://journal.fi/afs/article/download/71275/33072","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166660306","display_name":"Agricultural and Food Science","issn_l":"1459-6067","issn":["1459-6067","1795-1895"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","ddh","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316993","host_organization_name":"Scientific Agricultural Society of Finland","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316993"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific Agricultural Society of Finland"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agricultural and Food Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://journal.fi/afs/article/download/71275/33072","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080518767","display_name":"Jaakko Mukula","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jaakko Mukula","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agricultural Research Institute, Department of Plant Husbandry, Tikkurila"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agricultural Research Institute, Department of Plant Husbandry, Tikkurila","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080518767"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"21"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10774","display_name":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10774","display_name":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11180","display_name":"Pesticide and Herbicide Environmental Studies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12058","display_name":"Allelopathy and phytotoxic interactions","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/woody-plant-control","display_name":"woody plant control","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/herbicides","display_name":"herbicides","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/2-4-d","display_name":"2,4-D","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/potassium-chlorate","display_name":"potassium chlorate","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foliar-application","display_name":"foliar application","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-application","display_name":"soil application","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sprout-control","display_name":"sprout control","score":0.5740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alnus-incana","display_name":"Alnus incana","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salix","display_name":"willow","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/betula","display_name":"Betula","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sorbus-aucuparia","display_name":"rowan","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/populus-tremula","display_name":"Populus tremula","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thicket","display_name":"thicket","score":0.3790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/application-timing","display_name":"application timing","score":0.4909999966621399}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780844648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36050","display_name":"Willow","level":2,"score":0.6036080718040466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128758860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757163","display_name":"Woody plant","level":2,"score":0.5789236426353455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.49508801102638245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.4532011151313782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779870022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190901","display_name":"Ammonium","level":2,"score":0.4392617642879486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778019707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1453329","display_name":"Short rotation forestry","level":4,"score":0.4358299970626831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776371256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12370","display_name":"Salt (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.4325471818447113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.4035661816596985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.37706252932548523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2234010398387909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103017160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1360410","display_name":"Coppicing","level":3,"score":0.15301373600959778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.09760880470275879}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23986/afsci.71275","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.71275","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.71275","pdf_url":"https://journal.fi/afs/article/download/71275/33072","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166660306","display_name":"Agricultural and Food Science","issn_l":"1459-6067","issn":["1459-6067","1795-1895"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","ddh","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316993","host_organization_name":"Scientific Agricultural Society of Finland","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316993"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific Agricultural Society of Finland"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agricultural and Food Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:62e3496472b245b3a9981e21a7e2165f","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/62e3496472b245b3a9981e21a7e2165f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Agricultural and Food Science, Vol 22, Iss 1 (1950)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:jukuri.luke.fi:10024/459019","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://jukuri.luke.fi/handle/10024/459019","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400569","display_name":"Jukuri (Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke))","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I3017910207","host_organization_name":"Natural Resources Institute Finland","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3017910207"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"fi=B1 Kirjoitus tieteellisess\u00e4 aikakauslehdess\u00e4|sv=B1 Inl\u00e4gg i en vetenskaplig tidskrift|en=B1 Non-refereed journal articles|"},{"id":"pmh:oai:jukuri.luke.fi:11111/49347","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://jukuri.luke.fi/handle/11111/49347","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400569","display_name":"Jukuri (Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke))","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I3017910207","host_organization_name":"Natural Resources Institute Finland","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3017910207"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://jukuri.luke.fi/handle/10024/459019","raw_type":"fi=B1 Kirjoitus tieteellisess\u00e4 aikakauslehdess\u00e4|sv=B1 Inl\u00e4gg i en vetenskaplig tidskrift|en=B1 Non-refereed journal articles|"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.23986/afsci.71275","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.71275","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.71275","pdf_url":"https://journal.fi/afs/article/download/71275/33072","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166660306","display_name":"Agricultural and Food Science","issn_l":"1459-6067","issn":["1459-6067","1795-1895"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","ddh","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316993","host_organization_name":"Scientific Agricultural Society of Finland","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316993"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific Agricultural Society of Finland"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agricultural and Food Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.9599999785423279,"display_name":"Life on land"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.40450000762939453,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1961291139.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1961291139.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W81818507","https://openalex.org/W119508015","https://openalex.org/W646278781","https://openalex.org/W2017673469","https://openalex.org/W2064707723","https://openalex.org/W2091610990","https://openalex.org/W4236242864","https://openalex.org/W4414362364"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2008384310","https://openalex.org/W4313119652","https://openalex.org/W1915967129","https://openalex.org/W2064707723","https://openalex.org/W2075999718","https://openalex.org/W2495855024","https://openalex.org/W67943959","https://openalex.org/W2976808229","https://openalex.org/W7007255502","https://openalex.org/W2774781362"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"On":[0],"the":[1,4,27,128,136,173,180,202,206,215,227,256,297,303,356,373,390,405,421,437,445,492,498,522,562,565,569,576,589,592,595,600,642,657,669,710,718],"initiative":[2],"of":[3,6,9,34,37,40,44,48,53,60,138,150,177,199,205,214,229,240,243,299,305,335,345,358,375,407,423,439,444,448,471,480,485,533,561,568,618,644,672,676,686,709,729],"Department":[5],"Plant":[7],"Husbandry":[8],"Agricultural":[10],"Research":[11],"Institute,":[12],"experiments":[13],"for":[14,491,497,537,547,667],"destroying":[15,668],"woody":[16,93,152,200,730],"plants":[17,153,201],"on":[18,316,609],"fields":[19],"and":[20,50,57,86,117,318,338,349,383,429,503,516,606,627,660,688,715],"pastures":[21],"were":[22,98,189],"conducted":[23],"in":[24,66,96,148,162,183,225,285,310,323,364,389,564,575,604],"1948\u20141949":[25],"with":[26,135,158,192,294,396,398,402,427,725],"following":[28,91,391],"chemicals:":[29],"Artificial":[30],"hormones":[31,160,326,400,450,465,640],"(sodium":[32],"salt":[33,52,59],"2,4-D,":[35,38,41,45,49],"morpholine":[36],"triethanolamine":[39],"ethyl":[42],"ester":[43,47],"butyl":[46],"sodium":[51],"2M-4K),":[54],"potassium":[55],"chlorate,":[56,714],"ammonium":[58],"dinitro-ortochresol.":[61],"The":[62,90,289,333,393,483,530],"substances":[63],"Were":[64,75],"applied":[65,237,454,525],"aqueous":[67],"solutions,":[68],"or":[69,301],"as":[70,622,624],"emulsions.":[71],"Three":[72],"different":[73,197,559],"methods":[74],"used:":[76],"spray":[77,184],"application":[78,87,263],"to":[79,88,142,211,254,270,354,419,455,526,558,641,653,656,700,717,727],"foliage,":[80],"absorption":[81,705],"through":[82,457,552,693],"a":[83,272,458],"cut":[84,459,553,645,694],"branch,":[85,594],"soil.":[89],"thicket-forming":[92],"plants,":[94,731],"common":[95],"Finland,":[97],"investigated:":[99],"grey":[100],"alder,":[101],"Alnus":[102],"incana":[103],"(L.)":[104],"Willd.,":[105],"willow,":[106],"Salix":[107],"sp.,":[108,111],"birch,":[109,380],"Betula":[110],"mountain":[112,381,514],"ash,":[113,382],"Sorbus":[114],"aucuparia":[115],"L.,":[116],"aspen,":[118,139],"Populus":[119],"tremula":[120],"L.":[121],"Following":[122],"conclusions":[123],"have":[124],"been":[125,613],"drawn":[126],"from":[127,209,372,629],"experiments;":[129],"It":[130,251,351,416,698],"is":[131,252,264,268,280,352,417,490,524,535,578,585,706],"possible,":[132],"and,":[133],"probably":[134],"exception":[137],"even":[140,190,536],"advisable":[141],"destroy":[143],"small":[144],"sprouts,":[145],"0.5\u20141.5":[146,223],"m.":[147,224],"height,":[149,226],"these":[151,673],"by":[154,238,362,425,587,637],"spraying":[155,275,295],"their":[156,504,572],"foliage":[157],"artificial":[159,194,325,399,449,464,639,712],"early":[161,309],"summer,":[163,324,366],"especially":[164],"if":[165,260,283,320,367,521],"mechanical":[166],"clearing":[167],"machines":[168],"cannot":[169,466,544],"be":[170,249,452,467,508,545,635,651,665,681,691,701],"used.":[171],"Of":[172],"experimented":[174],"substances,":[175],"esters":[176],"2,4-D":[178],"proved":[179],"most":[181,281],"effective":[182,258],"applications,":[185],"but":[186,431],"satisfactory":[187,723],"results":[188,291,394,406,724],"secured":[191,293],"other":[193],"hormones.":[195],"For":[196,220],"species":[198],"necessary":[203,531,652],"concentration":[204],"solution":[207,230],"varies":[208],"0.1":[210],"0.4":[212],"%":[213],"active":[216,486,661],"substance":[217,487,523,534,596,662],"(p.":[218],"6).":[219],"dense":[221],"thickets,":[222],"amount":[228,484,532],"used":[231],"Was":[232],"1250\u20142000":[233],"l.":[234],"per":[235],"ha.,":[236],"means":[239],"knapsack":[241],"type":[242,494],"pressure":[244],"sprayers.":[245],"All":[246],"branches":[247,554,695],"must":[248,680],"sprayed.":[250],"difficult":[253],"make":[255],"treatment":[257,433],"enough,":[259],"only":[261],"one":[262,365,527],"made.":[265],"Therefore":[266],"it":[267,611,648],"important":[269],"conduct":[271],"new":[273,313,440],"control":[274],"after":[276],"2\u20143":[277],"weeks.":[278],"Treatment":[279],"effective,":[282],"given":[284],"Warm,":[286],"sunny":[287],"weather.":[288],"best":[290],"are":[292,474,518,555],"towards":[296,599],"end":[298],"June":[300],"at":[302,602,732],"beginning":[304],"July.":[306],"If":[307,581],"treated":[308,321],"spring,":[311],"many":[312],"sprouts":[314,337,368,424,619],"develop":[315],"stems":[317],"branches;":[319],"late":[322],"do":[327,369,720],"not":[328,370,435,519,650,664,721],"kill":[329,420],"leaves":[330,334,422],"effectively":[331,453],"enough.":[332],"young":[336],"suckers":[339],"die":[340],"more":[341,476],"readily":[342],"than":[343,478,496],"those":[344,479],"old":[346],"tall":[347,377,501,511,625],"trees":[348,626],"shrubs.":[350],"possible":[353,418],"2prevent":[355],"regeneration":[357,388],"alder":[359,538],"almost":[360],"completely":[361],"sprayings":[363,397,426],"grow":[371],"stumps":[374,631,643],"very":[376,579],"trees.":[378],"Willow,":[379],"aspen":[384],"often":[385],"show":[386],"slight":[387,403],"summer.":[392],"obtained":[395],"confirm":[401],"exceptions":[404],"earlier":[408],"investigations":[409],"(1,":[410],"4,5,":[411],"6,":[412],"12,":[413],"23,":[414],"24).":[415],"chlorate":[428,687],"chresol,":[430],"such":[432],"does":[434],"prevent":[436],"development":[438],"sprouts.":[441],"Aqueous":[442],"solutions":[443,685],"investigated":[446,702],"types":[447],"can":[451,506,690],"alders":[456],"branch":[460,528],"(fig.":[461],"9).":[462],"Water-insoluble":[463],"thus":[468,507],"absorbed.":[469],"Solutions":[470,550],"low":[472],"concentrations":[473],"absorbed":[475,551,692],"easily":[477],"high":[481,616],"concentrations.":[482],"used,":[488],"however,":[489,584],"latter":[493],"greater":[495],"former.":[499],"Relatively":[500],"alders,":[502],"roots,":[505,601],"killed.":[509],"But":[510],"willows,":[512],"birches,":[513],"ashes,":[515],"aspens":[517],"killed,":[520],"only.":[529],"so":[539],"great":[540],"that":[541,615],"this":[542,678,704],"method":[543,679],"recommended":[546],"general":[548],"practice.":[549],"chiefly":[556],"transported":[557],"parts":[560,671],"plant":[563],"xylem.":[566],"Because":[567],"transpiration":[570,582,658],"stream":[571],"translocation":[573],"downwards":[574],"xylem":[577],"difficult.":[580],"stream,":[583,659],"prevented":[586],"cutting":[588],"stem":[590],"above":[591],"absorbing":[593],"travels":[597],"vigorously":[598],"least":[603],"July":[605],"August.":[607],"Based":[608],"this,":[610],"has":[612],"suggested":[614],"thickets":[617,632],"(and":[620],"suckers)":[621],"well":[623],"shrubs,":[628],"whose":[630],"develop,":[633],"should":[634],"destroyed":[636],"applying":[638],"plants.":[646,674],"Thus":[647],"would":[649],"pay":[654],"attention":[655],"need":[663],"wasted":[666],"above-ground":[670],"Possibilities":[675],"using":[677],"further":[682],"investigated.":[683],"Also":[684],"chresol":[689,716],"into":[696],"alders.":[697],"remains":[699],"whether":[703],"effective.":[707],"Applications":[708],"above-mentioned":[711],"hormones,":[713],"soil":[719],"secure":[722],"regard":[726],"destruction":[728],"reasonable":[733],"costs.":[734]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
