{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1950104841","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1586/14737167.2015.1048227","title":"Implications of external price referencing of pharmaceuticals in Middle East countries","display_name":"Implications of external price referencing of pharmaceuticals in Middle East countries","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-06-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1950104841","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1586/14737167.2015.1048227","mag":"1950104841","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26088919"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1586/14737167.2015.1048227","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1586/14737167.2015.1048227","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1586/14737167.2015.1048227","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S98544388","display_name":"Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research","issn_l":"1473-7167","issn":["1473-7167","1744-8379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics &amp; Outcomes Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058226396","display_name":"Zolt\u00e1n Kal\u00f3","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7762-2607","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7762-2607"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106118109","display_name":"E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University","ror":"https://ror.org/01jsq2704","country_code":"HU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106118109"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738183","display_name":"Syreon Research Institute (Hungary)","ror":"https://ror.org/00bsxeq86","country_code":"HU","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4392738183"]}],"countries":["HU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zolt\u00e1n Kal\u00f3","raw_affiliation_strings":["a 1 Department of Health Policy and Health Economics, E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University, Budapest, Hungary","b 2 Syreon Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary","Department of Health Policy and Health Economics, E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University, Budapest, Hungary","Syreon Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"a 1 Department of Health Policy and Health Economics, E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University, Budapest, Hungary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106118109"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"b 2 Syreon Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4392738183"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Policy and Health Economics, E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University, Budapest, Hungary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106118109"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Syreon Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4392738183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110834943","display_name":"Ibrahim Alabbadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0552-8424","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0552-8424"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114972647","display_name":"University of Jordan","ror":"https://ror.org/05k89ew48","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114972647"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ibrahim Alabbadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["c 3 University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan","University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"c 3 University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114972647"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114972647"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064586358","display_name":"Ola Ghaleb Al Ahdab","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133001","display_name":"Ministry of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/03xh40058","country_code":"AE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133001"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ola Ghaleb Al Ahdab","raw_affiliation_strings":["d 4 Ministry of Health, Abu Dhabi, UAE","Ministry of Health, Abu Dhabi, UAE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"d 4 Ministry of Health, Abu Dhabi, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133001"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Health, Abu Dhabi, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080335195","display_name":"Maryam S. Alowayesh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5042-2629","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5042-2629"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36721946","display_name":"Kuwait University","ror":"https://ror.org/021e5j056","country_code":"KW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36721946"]}],"countries":["KW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maryam Alowayesh","raw_affiliation_strings":["e 5 Kuwait University, Yarmook, Kuwait","Kuwait University, Yarmook, Kuwait"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"e 5 Kuwait University, Yarmook, Kuwait","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36721946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kuwait University, Yarmook, Kuwait","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36721946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048328762","display_name":"Mahmoud Elmahdawy","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160667","display_name":"Ministry of Health and Population","ror":"https://ror.org/04f90ax67","country_code":"EG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160667"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahmoud Elmahdawy","raw_affiliation_strings":["f 6 Central Administration For Pharmaceutical Affairs (CAPA), Ministry of Health, Cairo, Egypt","Central Administration For Pharmaceutical Affairs (CAPA), Ministry of Health, Cairo, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"f 6 Central Administration For Pharmaceutical Affairs (CAPA), Ministry of Health, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160667"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Central Administration For Pharmaceutical Affairs (CAPA), Ministry of Health, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160667"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017273120","display_name":"A.H. Al-Saggabi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8194-7762","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8194-7762"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185203018","display_name":"King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/0149jvn88","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185203018"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4517696","display_name":"National Guard Health Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/02pecpe58","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4517696"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdulaziz H Al-Saggabi","raw_affiliation_strings":["g 7 Drug Policy & Economics Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","Drug Policy & Economics Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"g 7 Drug Policy & Economics Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185203018","https://openalex.org/I4517696"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Drug Policy & Economics Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185203018","https://openalex.org/I4517696"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112517008","display_name":"V. Tanzi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98635879","display_name":"American University of Beirut","ror":"https://ror.org/04pznsd21","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vito Luigi Tanzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["h 8 Department of Health Management and Policy, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon","Department of Health Management and Policy, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"h 8 Department of Health Management and Policy, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Management and Policy, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011551825","display_name":"Daoud Al\u2010Badriyeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7791-954X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7791-954X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60342839","display_name":"Qatar University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yhnba62","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daoud Al-Badriyeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["i 9 College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar","College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"i 9 College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044941926","display_name":"Hamad S Alsultan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165735","display_name":"Dasman Diabetes Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05tppc012","country_code":"KW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165735"]}],"countries":["KW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamad S Alsultan","raw_affiliation_strings":["j 10 Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait","Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"j 10 Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165735"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165735"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113509720","display_name":"Faleh Mohamed Hussain Ali","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127694","display_name":"Supreme Council Of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/047an3241","country_code":"QA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127694"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Faleh Mohamed Hussain Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["k 11 Supreme Council of Health, Doha, Qatar","Supreme Council of Health, Doha, Qatar"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"k 11 Supreme Council of Health, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127694"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Supreme Council of Health, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127694"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084669795","display_name":"Gihan Hamdy Elsisi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2917-9388","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2917-9388"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160667","display_name":"Ministry of Health and Population","ror":"https://ror.org/04f90ax67","country_code":"EG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160667"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gihan H Elsisi","raw_affiliation_strings":["f 6 Central Administration For Pharmaceutical Affairs (CAPA), Ministry of Health, Cairo, Egypt","Central Administration For Pharmaceutical Affairs (CAPA), Ministry of Health, Cairo, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"f 6 Central Administration For Pharmaceutical Affairs (CAPA), Ministry of Health, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160667"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Central Administration For Pharmaceutical Affairs (CAPA), Ministry of Health, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160667"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033435809","display_name":"Kasem S. Akhras","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kasem S Akhras","raw_affiliation_strings":["l 12 Novartis Pharma Services AG, Dubai, UAE","Novartis Pharma Services AG, Dubai, UAE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"l 12 Novartis Pharma Services AG, Dubai, UAE","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Novartis Pharma Services AG, Dubai, UAE","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089319211","display_name":"Zolt\u00e1n Vok\u00f3","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1004-1848","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1004-1848"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106118109","display_name":"E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University","ror":"https://ror.org/01jsq2704","country_code":"HU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106118109"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738183","display_name":"Syreon Research Institute (Hungary)","ror":"https://ror.org/00bsxeq86","country_code":"HU","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4392738183"]}],"countries":["HU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zolt\u00e1n Vok\u00f3","raw_affiliation_strings":["a 1 Department of Health Policy and Health Economics, E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University, Budapest, Hungary","b 2 Syreon Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary","Department of Health Policy and Health Economics, E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University, Budapest, Hungary","Syreon Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"a 1 Department of Health Policy and Health Economics, E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University, Budapest, Hungary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106118109"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"b 2 Syreon Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4392738183"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Policy and Health Economics, E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University, Budapest, Hungary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106118109"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Syreon Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4392738183"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062250544","display_name":"Panos G. Kanavos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9518-3089","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9518-3089"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I909854389","display_name":"London School of Economics and Political Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0090zs177","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I909854389"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Panos Kanavos","raw_affiliation_strings":["m 13 Department of Social Policy, London School of Economics, London, UK","Department of Social Policy, London School of Economics, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"m 13 Department of Social Policy, London School of Economics, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I909854389"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Social Policy, London School of Economics, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I909854389"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":9,"institutions_distinct_count":13,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058226396"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106118109","https://openalex.org/I4392738183"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.8362,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96833183,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"6","first_page":"993","last_page":"998"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11792","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11792","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10804","display_name":"Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11531","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Reforms","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-pricing","display_name":"drug pricing","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/middle-east","display_name":"Middle East","score":0.5979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patented-drugs","display_name":"patented drugs","score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outpatient-care","display_name":"outpatient care","score":0.503000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hospital-services","display_name":"hospital services","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exchange-rates","display_name":"exchange rates","score":0.5849999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population-size","display_name":"population size","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-prices","display_name":"drug prices","score":0.41200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-income-countries","display_name":"low-income countries","score":0.5809999704360962}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779652045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507443","display_name":"Pharmaceutical industry","level":2,"score":0.5919193029403687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129930760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1702613","display_name":"Pharmaceutical care","level":3,"score":0.49840569496154785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4702410101890564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910862244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7240896","display_name":"Drug prices","level":2,"score":0.46175050735473633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.36136478185653687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.32252973318099976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556758197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018","display_name":"Monetary economics","level":1,"score":0.22757041454315186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2265910506248474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.09614405035972595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.09334200620651245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104863432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q614304","display_name":"Pharmacy","level":2,"score":0.0810399055480957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000553","descriptor_name":"Ambulatory Care","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003132","descriptor_name":"Commerce","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003363","descriptor_name":"Cost Control","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004364","descriptor_name":"Pharmaceutical Preparations","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004469","descriptor_name":"Economics, Hospital","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007182","descriptor_name":"Income","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008877","descriptor_name":"Middle East","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015999","descriptor_name":"Multivariate Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016014","descriptor_name":"Linear Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016527","descriptor_name":"Drug Costs","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1586/14737167.2015.1048227","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1586/14737167.2015.1048227","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1586/14737167.2015.1048227","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S98544388","display_name":"Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research","issn_l":"1473-7167","issn":["1473-7167","1744-8379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics &amp; Outcomes Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:26088919","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26088919","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:qspace.qu.edu.qa:10576/54473","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10576/54473","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400014","display_name":"Qatar University QSpace (Qatar University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I60342839","host_organization_name":"Qatar University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.504800021648407,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W51899016","https://openalex.org/W1996004925","https://openalex.org/W2029090734","https://openalex.org/W2029853911","https://openalex.org/W2034543287","https://openalex.org/W2060736412","https://openalex.org/W2062808155","https://openalex.org/W2068876036","https://openalex.org/W2096782382","https://openalex.org/W2146159370","https://openalex.org/W2891211072","https://openalex.org/W3121884867"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2263358834","https://openalex.org/W2311795257","https://openalex.org/W2885229290","https://openalex.org/W2469619345","https://openalex.org/W2163448644","https://openalex.org/W4381430865","https://openalex.org/W7135786150","https://openalex.org/W3049528245","https://openalex.org/W7095488106","https://openalex.org/W2899085330"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"INTRODUCTION:":[0],"External":[1],"price":[2,30,106,136],"referencing":[3],"(EPR)":[4],"is":[5,19,108],"applied":[6],"frequently":[7],"to":[8,15,27,35,40,79,149],"control":[9],"pharmaceutical":[10,73,94,143],"prices.":[11],"Our":[12,123],"objective":[13],"was":[14],"analyse":[16],"how":[17],"EPR":[18,48,132,139],"used":[20],"in":[21,61,82,141,145],"Middle":[22,63],"Eastern":[23,64],"(ME)":[24,65],"countries":[25,84,147],"and":[26,50,57,68,74,117,131],"compare":[28],"the":[29,83,126],"corridor":[31,107],"for":[32,110,115],"original":[33],"pharmaceuticals":[34,56,111],"non-pharmaceutical":[36,59,75,150],"services":[37,60,119],"not":[38],"subjected":[39],"EPR.":[41],"METHODS:":[42],"We":[43],"conducted":[44],"a":[45],"survey":[46],"on":[47,134],"regulations":[49],"collected":[51],"prices":[52,70,81,95,144],"of":[53,71,93,128],"16":[54],"patented":[55],"14":[58],"seven":[62],"countries.":[66],"Maximum":[67],"minimum":[69],"each":[72],"technology":[76],"were":[77,96],"compared":[78,148],"mean":[80],"studied":[85],"by":[86,98],"using":[87],"market":[88],"exchange":[89],"rates.":[90],"Influencing":[91],"factors":[92],"assessed":[97],"multivariate":[99],"linear":[100],"regression":[101],"analysis.":[102],"RESULTS:":[103],"The":[104],"average":[105],"narrower":[109],"(-39.8%;":[112],"+35.9%)":[113],"than":[114],"outpatient":[116],"hospital":[118],"(-81.7%;":[120],"+96.3%).":[121],"CONCLUSION:":[122],"analysis":[124],"revealed":[125],"importance":[127],"population":[129],"size":[130],"implementation":[133],"drug":[135],"levels;":[137],"however,":[138],"results":[140],"higher":[142],"lower-income":[146],"services.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
