{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1948139166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.06.014","title":"On the causal nexus of road transport CO2 emissions and macroeconomic variables in Tunisia: Evidence from combined cointegration tests","display_name":"On the causal nexus of road transport CO2 emissions and macroeconomic variables in Tunisia: Evidence from combined cointegration tests","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-06-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1948139166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.06.014","mag":"1948139166"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.06.014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.06.014","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.06.014","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68497187","display_name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","issn_l":"1364-0321","issn":["1364-0321","1879-0690"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052033177","display_name":"Muhammad Qaiser Shahbaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4916-7648","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4916-7648","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8829-6026"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405286083","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/012zjsd73","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960","https://openalex.org/I4405286083"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Shahbaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Energy Research Centre, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Energy Research Centre, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405286083"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006845415","display_name":"Naceur Khraief","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6074-4840","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6074-4840"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096615","display_name":"Groupe de Recherche en Droit, \u00c9conomie, Gestion","ror":"https://ror.org/00rfccx09","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I201841394","https://openalex.org/I4210088668","https://openalex.org/I4210096615","https://openalex.org/I4210150854"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154757","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Nice Sophia Antipolis","ror":"https://ror.org/02k9vew78","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201841394","https://openalex.org/I4387154757"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8636806","display_name":"University of Sousse","ror":"https://ror.org/00dmpgj58","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8636806"]}],"countries":["FR","TN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Naceur Khraief","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Economic Science and Management of Sousse, University of Sousse, Tunisia","University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, GREDEG (Research Group on Law Economics and Management), France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Economic Science and Management of Sousse, University of Sousse, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8636806"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, GREDEG (Research Group on Law Economics and Management), France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096615","https://openalex.org/I4387154757"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mohamed Mekki Ben Jemaa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800887215","display_name":"Tunisia Polytechnic School","ror":"https://ror.org/00dse3307","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800887215"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Mekki Ben Jemaa","raw_affiliation_strings":["LEGI, Polytechnic School of Tunisia, Tunisia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LEGI, Polytechnic School of Tunisia, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800887215"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006845415"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096615","https://openalex.org/I4387154757","https://openalex.org/I8636806"],"apc_list":{"value":5220,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5220},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":21.6846,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":137,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99207496,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"51","issue":null,"first_page":"89","last_page":"100"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10438","display_name":"Energy, Environment, Economic Growth","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10438","display_name":"Energy, Environment, Economic Growth","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12617","display_name":"Energy, Environment, and Transportation Policies","score":0.0044999998062849045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12095","display_name":"Vehicle emissions and performance","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuel-prices","display_name":"fuel prices","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/road-infrastructure","display_name":"road infrastructure","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bidirectional-causality","display_name":"bidirectional causality","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-run-relationship","display_name":"long-run relationship","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-breaks","display_name":"structural breaks","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tunisia","display_name":"Tunisia","score":0.5109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-economic-growth","display_name":"sustainable economic growth","score":0.890999972820282}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145162277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1751675","display_name":"Cointegration","level":2,"score":0.9530416131019592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.7253836989402771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148609458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7021281","display_name":"Nexus (standard)","level":2,"score":0.6960598230361938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.6060702800750732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129824826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2630107","display_name":"Granger causality","level":2,"score":0.593636155128479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64357122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149766","display_name":"Causality (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5935572981834412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134024062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1401229","display_name":"Error correction model","level":3,"score":0.5876942276954651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.5462661385536194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30772137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164762","display_name":"Consumption (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.5064746141433716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.44435355067253113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4361465871334076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47737302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167336","display_name":"Greenhouse gas","level":2,"score":0.42930296063423157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.4072454571723938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175605778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299701","display_name":"Natural resource economics","level":1,"score":0.38877665996551514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1484881043434143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07347127795219421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.07196477055549622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.06.014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.06.014","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.06.014","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68497187","display_name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","issn_l":"1364-0321","issn":["1364-0321","1879-0690"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai::67286","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/67286/1/MPRA_paper_67286.pdf","pdf_url":"https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/67286/1/MPRA_paper_67286.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400553","display_name":"Munich Personal RePEc Archive (Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","host_organization_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"MPRA Paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:pra:mprapa:67286","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/67286/1/MPRA_paper_67286.pdf","pdf_url":"https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/67286/1/MPRA_paper_67286.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"mag:1948139166","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:pra:mprapa:67286","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:3148541481","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ideas.repec.org/p/pra/mprapa/67286.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400553","display_name":"Munich Personal RePEc Archive (Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","host_organization_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"MPRA Paper","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:eee:rensus:v:51:y:2015:i:c:p:89-100","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032115005845","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"},{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1580851038","https://openalex.org/W1587141723","https://openalex.org/W1966910378","https://openalex.org/W1968673417","https://openalex.org/W1975643805","https://openalex.org/W1994045802","https://openalex.org/W1999776337","https://openalex.org/W2005904020","https://openalex.org/W2012101208","https://openalex.org/W2016436946","https://openalex.org/W2027917903","https://openalex.org/W2028435825","https://openalex.org/W2039474681","https://openalex.org/W2076486607","https://openalex.org/W2078707737","https://openalex.org/W2086739523","https://openalex.org/W2091512155","https://openalex.org/W2095364399","https://openalex.org/W2097580026","https://openalex.org/W2097688148","https://openalex.org/W2110002822","https://openalex.org/W2110603299","https://openalex.org/W2116388354","https://openalex.org/W2124265708","https://openalex.org/W2124952438","https://openalex.org/W2153562738","https://openalex.org/W2178225550","https://openalex.org/W3124662040","https://openalex.org/W4252806866","https://openalex.org/W6632167055","https://openalex.org/W6646063006","https://openalex.org/W6703854344"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1999776337","https://openalex.org/W2203891779","https://openalex.org/W2549720733","https://openalex.org/W4318464162","https://openalex.org/W1970171438","https://openalex.org/W180220575","https://openalex.org/W4392853504","https://openalex.org/W6982419554","https://openalex.org/W2083976072","https://openalex.org/W2981187873"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
