{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1946326232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.60.9.3682-3688.1992","title":"Experimental model of intracerebral infection with Cryptococcus neoformans: roles of phagocytes and opsonization","display_name":"Experimental model of intracerebral infection with Cryptococcus neoformans: roles of phagocytes and opsonization","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1946326232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.60.9.3682-3688.1992","mag":"1946326232","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1500177","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/257377"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1128/iai.60.9.3682-3688.1992","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.60.9.3682-3688.1992","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.60.9.3682-3688.1992","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S128227336","display_name":"Infection and Immunity","issn_l":"0019-9567","issn":["0019-9567","1070-6313","1098-5522"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320263","host_organization_name":"American Society for Microbiology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320263"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society for Microbiology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Infection and Immunity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC257377","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027192448","display_name":"Elisabetta Blasi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4202-8293","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4202-8293"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27483092","display_name":"University of Perugia","ror":"https://ror.org/00x27da85","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E Blasi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025747603","display_name":"Roberta Barluzzi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27483092","display_name":"University of Perugia","ror":"https://ror.org/00x27da85","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R Barluzzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111658637","display_name":"Rosanna Mazzolla","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27483092","display_name":"University of Perugia","ror":"https://ror.org/00x27da85","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R Mazzolla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030732683","display_name":"Paolo Mosci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1934-9662","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1934-9662"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27483092","display_name":"University of Perugia","ror":"https://ror.org/00x27da85","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P Mosci","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105836024","display_name":"Francesco Bistoni","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27483092","display_name":"University of Perugia","ror":"https://ror.org/00x27da85","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F Bistoni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.7694,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":61,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9277501,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":"9","first_page":"3682","last_page":"3688"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11037","display_name":"Fungal Infections and Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11037","display_name":"Fungal Infections and Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10873","display_name":"Bacterial Infections and Vaccines","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2404","display_name":"Microbiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10150","display_name":"Antifungal resistance and susceptibility","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptococcus-neoformans","display_name":"Cryptococcus neoformans","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meningoencephalitis","display_name":"meningoencephalitis","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phagocytes","display_name":"phagocytes","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/opsonization","display_name":"opsonization","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microglia","display_name":"microglia","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chloroquine","display_name":"chloroquine","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colchicine","display_name":"colchicine","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/host-resistance","display_name":"host resistance","score":0.44999998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mouse-model-of-infection","display_name":"mouse infection model","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phagocytosis","display_name":"phagocytosis","score":0.7390000224113464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777893358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131924","display_name":"Cryptococcus neoformans","level":2,"score":0.9618684649467468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.8427111506462097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89372155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420107","display_name":"Opsonin","level":3,"score":0.8354555368423462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168507396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14859847","display_name":"Antibody opsonization","level":4,"score":0.7940871119499207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.7141625881195068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779413141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1470140","display_name":"Cryptococcosis","level":2,"score":0.636664628982544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160448771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184726","display_name":"Phagocytosis","level":2,"score":0.6000757217407227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778621254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2346415","display_name":"Meningoencephalitis","level":2,"score":0.55897456407547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777700362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107647","display_name":"Phagocyte","level":3,"score":0.4464605450630188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.43606051802635193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.34075939655303955}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001927","descriptor_name":"Brain Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002738","descriptor_name":"Chloroquine","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003078","descriptor_name":"Colchicine","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003453","descriptor_name":"Cryptococcosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004195","descriptor_name":"Disease Models, Animal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009895","descriptor_name":"Opsonin Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010586","descriptor_name":"Phagocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010587","descriptor_name":"Phagocytosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1128/iai.60.9.3682-3688.1992","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.60.9.3682-3688.1992","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.60.9.3682-3688.1992","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S128227336","display_name":"Infection and Immunity","issn_l":"0019-9567","issn":["0019-9567","1070-6313","1098-5522"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320263","host_organization_name":"American Society for Microbiology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320263"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society for Microbiology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Infection and Immunity","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:18481","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC257377","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:257377","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/257377","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Infect Immun","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:1500177","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1500177","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Infection and immunity","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.893.8283","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.893.8283","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://iai.asm.org/content/60/9/3682.full.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unimore.it:11380/776301","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11380/776301","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400718","display_name":"IRIS UNIMORE (University of Modena and Reggio Emilia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","host_organization_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:18481","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC257377","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W36935300","https://openalex.org/W126156925","https://openalex.org/W1510572236","https://openalex.org/W1572407579","https://openalex.org/W1623539801","https://openalex.org/W1646206347","https://openalex.org/W1802178021","https://openalex.org/W1860530067","https://openalex.org/W1901701822","https://openalex.org/W1912169188","https://openalex.org/W1915912735","https://openalex.org/W1922550423","https://openalex.org/W1925235052","https://openalex.org/W1941730708","https://openalex.org/W1965075203","https://openalex.org/W1976838955","https://openalex.org/W1988514341","https://openalex.org/W2003480743","https://openalex.org/W2011361113","https://openalex.org/W2019385731","https://openalex.org/W2043466117","https://openalex.org/W2044024777","https://openalex.org/W2053283071","https://openalex.org/W2077237884","https://openalex.org/W2097794822","https://openalex.org/W2105191684","https://openalex.org/W2113761665","https://openalex.org/W2129459882","https://openalex.org/W2130501587","https://openalex.org/W2131232351","https://openalex.org/W2145734455","https://openalex.org/W2147311935","https://openalex.org/W2161258469","https://openalex.org/W2282339892","https://openalex.org/W2287986098","https://openalex.org/W2330271675","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7096094719","https://openalex.org/W2169038182","https://openalex.org/W2121799508","https://openalex.org/W2162644900","https://openalex.org/W7126183941","https://openalex.org/W2380157861","https://openalex.org/W2413392440","https://openalex.org/W2415694320","https://openalex.org/W2060652948","https://openalex.org/W2167650804"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"murine":[1],"model":[2],"of":[3,34,71],"intracerebral":[4],"(i.c.)":[5],"infection":[6,46,96],"with":[7,47,54,97],"Cryptococcus":[8],"neoformans":[9,49],"in":[10,91,108],"which":[11],"naive":[12,73],"mice":[13,76],"receiving":[14],"an":[15],"i.c.":[16,45,95],"fungal":[17],"inoculation":[18],"developed":[19],"a":[20],"severe":[21],"disease":[22],"has":[23],"been":[24],"established.":[25],"The":[26],"effect":[27],"was":[28,50,105],"strictly":[29],"dependent":[30],"on":[31],"the":[32,63,68],"number":[33],"microorganisms":[35,121],"injected":[36],"and":[37,56,74],"evolved":[38],"as":[39],"lethal":[40],"meningoencephalitis.":[41],"Murine":[42],"susceptibility":[43],"to":[44,60,94],"C.":[48,98],"enhanced":[51],"by":[52,107],"treatment":[53],"chloroquine":[55],"colchicine,":[57],"agents":[58],"known":[59],"greatly":[61],"affect":[62],"host":[64],"phagocytic":[65],"compartment.":[66],"Furthermore,":[67],"life":[69],"spans":[70],"both":[72],"drug-treated":[75],"were":[77,83,115,122],"significantly":[78],"augmented":[79],"when":[80],"opsonized":[81,120],"fungi":[82],"injected.":[84],"Therefore,":[85],"phagocyte-mediated":[86],"mechanisms":[87],"are":[88],"likely":[89],"involved":[90],"local":[92],"resistance":[93],"neoformans.":[99],"Further":[100],"support":[101],"for":[102],"this":[103],"conclusion":[104],"supplied":[106],"vitro":[109],"data":[110],"showing":[111],"that":[112],"microglial":[113],"cells":[114],"proficient":[116],"anticryptococcal":[117],"effectors,":[118],"provided":[119],"used.":[123]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}