{"id":"https://openalex.org/W19461878","doi":null,"title":"The de ritis ratio: the test of time.","display_name":"The de ritis ratio: the test of time.","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W19461878","mag":"19461878","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24353357","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3866949"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2851172","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3866949","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3866949","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109912778","display_name":"Mona Botros","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mona Botros","raw_affiliation_strings":["Melbourne Pathology, 103 Victoria Parade, Collingwood, Vic. 3066, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Melbourne Pathology, 103 Victoria Parade, Collingwood, Vic. 3066, Australia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022075682","display_name":"Ken A. Sikaris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3882-166X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3882-166X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth A Sikaris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Melbourne Pathology, 103 Victoria Parade, Collingwood, Vic. 3066, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Melbourne Pathology, 103 Victoria Parade, Collingwood, Vic. 3066, Australia","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.7475,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":417,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9734085,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"3","first_page":"117","last_page":"30"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10351","display_name":"Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9101999998092651,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10351","display_name":"Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9101999998092651,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11207","display_name":"Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects","score":0.06599999964237213,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10337","display_name":"Liver Disease and Transplantation","score":0.009600000455975533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ast-alt-ratio","display_name":"AST/ALT ratio","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aspartate-aminotransferase","display_name":"aspartate aminotransferase","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alanine-aminotransferase","display_name":"alanine aminotransferase","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acute-viral-hepatitis","display_name":"acute viral hepatitis","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alcoholic-hepatitis","display_name":"alcoholic hepatitis","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-viral-hepatitis","display_name":"chronic viral hepatitis","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-alcoholism","display_name":"chronic alcoholism","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease","display_name":"non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liver-fibrosis","display_name":"liver fibrosis","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liver-cirrhosis","display_name":"liver cirrhosis","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pyridoxal-5-phosphate","display_name":"pyridoxal phosphate","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prognostic-factors","display_name":"prognostic factors","score":0.6769999861717224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7215110063552856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778606649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q305481","display_name":"Alanine transaminase","level":2,"score":0.6693660616874695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779679107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412474","display_name":"Aspartate transaminase","level":4,"score":0.6425467729568481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777072776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1983841","display_name":"Viral hepatitis","level":2,"score":0.6301631927490234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.5777417421340942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5631893277168274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777575235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q558404","display_name":"Alcoholic liver disease","level":3,"score":0.5402047634124756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776877979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424288","display_name":"Transaminase","level":3,"score":0.5385535359382629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777214474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147778","display_name":"Cirrhosis","level":2,"score":0.4801313579082489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777075537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929737","display_name":"Liver disease","level":2,"score":0.4418719708919525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160160445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24769688","display_name":"Alkaline phosphatase","level":3,"score":0.1763564944267273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.09654828906059265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.06214478611946106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.06167703866958618}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2851172","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3866949","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3866949","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3866949","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clin Biochem Rev","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:24353357","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24353357","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Clinical biochemist. Reviews","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:19461878","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24353357","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2851172","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3866949","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.98580002784729,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":147,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W16260949","https://openalex.org/W56892098","https://openalex.org/W74371005","https://openalex.org/W79654046","https://openalex.org/W79954517","https://openalex.org/W98768272","https://openalex.org/W103339158","https://openalex.org/W106560845","https://openalex.org/W112345076","https://openalex.org/W115629402","https://openalex.org/W118162453","https://openalex.org/W151589882","https://openalex.org/W195314437","https://openalex.org/W205992603","https://openalex.org/W206690762","https://openalex.org/W396360056","https://openalex.org/W611638219","https://openalex.org/W1485973300","https://openalex.org/W1510849563","https://openalex.org/W1514088623","https://openalex.org/W1559068584","https://openalex.org/W1571738433","https://openalex.org/W1574875639","https://openalex.org/W1575003276","https://openalex.org/W1605796582","https://openalex.org/W1776414110","https://openalex.org/W1858542342","https://openalex.org/W1894134455","https://openalex.org/W1906361798","https://openalex.org/W1928447183","https://openalex.org/W1932274971","https://openalex.org/W1958889977","https://openalex.org/W1966367245","https://openalex.org/W1967711533","https://openalex.org/W1969295126","https://openalex.org/W1971232164","https://openalex.org/W1971991764","https://openalex.org/W1976267088","https://openalex.org/W1981460639","https://openalex.org/W1982998620","https://openalex.org/W1983417944","https://openalex.org/W1985155553","https://openalex.org/W1985330026","https://openalex.org/W1985834931","https://openalex.org/W1987349835","https://openalex.org/W1987638423","https://openalex.org/W1991894577","https://openalex.org/W1992046038","https://openalex.org/W1996035307","https://openalex.org/W1997865776","https://openalex.org/W1999931740","https://openalex.org/W2000966089","https://openalex.org/W2001491795","https://openalex.org/W2001837599","https://openalex.org/W2002081949","https://openalex.org/W2003758171","https://openalex.org/W2004384181","https://openalex.org/W2008661549","https://openalex.org/W2009444793","https://openalex.org/W2020508492","https://openalex.org/W2027275383","https://openalex.org/W2028883883","https://openalex.org/W2034188379","https://openalex.org/W2036118404","https://openalex.org/W2040528293","https://openalex.org/W2040668343","https://openalex.org/W2042062317","https://openalex.org/W2042324298","https://openalex.org/W2047606688","https://openalex.org/W2051307146","https://openalex.org/W2054306176","https://openalex.org/W2056386880","https://openalex.org/W2056855826","https://openalex.org/W2057077123","https://openalex.org/W2058383228","https://openalex.org/W2059329220","https://openalex.org/W2060847352","https://openalex.org/W2062571307","https://openalex.org/W2064132909","https://openalex.org/W2067552641","https://openalex.org/W2072390396","https://openalex.org/W2073002951","https://openalex.org/W2074705421","https://openalex.org/W2077058718","https://openalex.org/W2083320833","https://openalex.org/W2085097924","https://openalex.org/W2087829753","https://openalex.org/W2089535377","https://openalex.org/W2090879914","https://openalex.org/W2091065440","https://openalex.org/W2091199205","https://openalex.org/W2092238408","https://openalex.org/W2093398377","https://openalex.org/W2094665456","https://openalex.org/W2096498890","https://openalex.org/W2104826300","https://openalex.org/W2108085270","https://openalex.org/W2113340037","https://openalex.org/W2114051678","https://openalex.org/W2115646800","https://openalex.org/W2115692333","https://openalex.org/W2116460737","https://openalex.org/W2116874804","https://openalex.org/W2119371081","https://openalex.org/W2119415849","https://openalex.org/W2120978823","https://openalex.org/W2123433767","https://openalex.org/W2124319675","https://openalex.org/W2124803876","https://openalex.org/W2130763888","https://openalex.org/W2131321337","https://openalex.org/W2132994365","https://openalex.org/W2136830032","https://openalex.org/W2140695384","https://openalex.org/W2141962989","https://openalex.org/W2142938681","https://openalex.org/W2143128670","https://openalex.org/W2145059443","https://openalex.org/W2146248667","https://openalex.org/W2149790615","https://openalex.org/W2153155621","https://openalex.org/W2153413362","https://openalex.org/W2153493855","https://openalex.org/W2159498976","https://openalex.org/W2163977123","https://openalex.org/W2320787545","https://openalex.org/W2321700180","https://openalex.org/W2324154766","https://openalex.org/W2358148364","https://openalex.org/W2399668368","https://openalex.org/W2405582236","https://openalex.org/W2409383426","https://openalex.org/W2409607335","https://openalex.org/W2410525727","https://openalex.org/W2411501085","https://openalex.org/W2412980647","https://openalex.org/W2413501421","https://openalex.org/W2414797890","https://openalex.org/W2418502272","https://openalex.org/W2434421246","https://openalex.org/W2463821729","https://openalex.org/W2467104928","https://openalex.org/W2474944766","https://openalex.org/W2490020214","https://openalex.org/W4238149804","https://openalex.org/W4238481905","https://openalex.org/W4293467439"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2945510639","https://openalex.org/W4383372516","https://openalex.org/W90256088","https://openalex.org/W2119415849","https://openalex.org/W7219256681","https://openalex.org/W4324367823","https://openalex.org/W2272519469","https://openalex.org/W4400608465","https://openalex.org/W190080221","https://openalex.org/W2904040319"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"De":[0,240],"Ritis":[1,241],"described":[2,23],"the":[3,6,102,114,173,199,202,205,239],"ratio":[4,99,149,242],"between":[5],"serum":[7],"levels":[8],"of":[9,27,78,107,118,152,201],"aspartate":[10],"transaminase":[11,15,174],"(AST)":[12],"and":[13,72,105,136,158,176,219,237,248],"alanine":[14],"(ALT)":[16],"almost":[17],"50":[18],"years":[19],"ago.":[20],"While":[21],"initially":[22],"as":[24,62,132,139,141],"a":[25,76],"characteristic":[26],"acute":[28,63],"viral":[29,64,129,134],"hepatitis":[30,65,83,135],"where":[31,48],"ALT":[32,86,124,232],"was":[33],"usually":[34,51],"higher":[35,52],"than":[36,53,70,88],"AST,":[37],"other":[38],"authors":[39],"have":[40,67,85,93,180,195],"subsequently":[41],"found":[42],"it":[43,244],"useful":[44,246],"in":[45,172,188,216],"alcoholic":[46,82],"hepatitis,":[47],"AST":[49,68,89,119,236],"is":[50,150,170],"ALT.":[54],"These":[55],"interpretations":[56],"are":[57,161,186],"far":[58],"too":[59],"simplistic":[60],"however":[61],"can":[66,74,84,179],"greater":[69,87],"ALT,":[71],"this":[73,178,189],"be":[75,111,210,224],"sign":[77],"fulminant":[79],"disease,":[80,145],"while":[81],"when":[90,183],"several":[91],"days":[92],"elapsed":[94],"since":[95],"alcohol":[96],"exposure.":[97],"The":[98],"therefore":[100],"represents":[101],"time":[103],"course":[104],"aggressiveness":[106],"disease":[108],"that":[109],"would":[110],"predicted":[112],"from":[113],"relatively":[115],"short":[116],"half-life":[117],"(18":[120],"h)":[121],"compared":[122],"to":[123],"(36":[125],"h).":[126],"In":[127],"chronic":[128,133,137],"illnesses":[130],"such":[131],"alcoholism":[138],"well":[140],"non-alcoholic":[142],"fatty":[143],"liver":[144],"an":[146],"elevated":[147],"AST/ALT":[148],"predictive":[151],"long":[153],"terms":[154],"complications":[155],"including":[156],"fibrosis":[157],"cirrhosis.":[159],"There":[160],"methodological":[162],"issues,":[163],"particularly":[164],"whether":[165],"or":[166,204],"not":[167],"pyridoxal":[168,212],"phosphate":[169,213],"used":[171],"assays,":[175],"although":[177],"specific":[181],"effects":[182,197],"patient":[184],"samples":[185],"deficient":[187],"vitamin,":[190],"these":[191],"method":[192],"differences":[193],"generally":[194],"mild":[196],"on":[198],"usefulness":[200],"assays":[203,215],"ratio.":[206],"Ideally":[207,227],"laboratories":[208,229],"should":[209,233],"using":[211],"supplemented":[214],"alcoholic,":[217],"elderly":[218],"cancer":[220],"patients":[221],"who":[222],"may":[223],"pyridoxine":[225],"deplete.":[226],"all":[228],"reporting":[230],"abnormal":[231],"also":[234],"report":[235],"calculate":[238],"because":[243],"provides":[245],"diagnostic":[247],"prognostic":[249],"information.":[250]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":49},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":57},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":49},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":57},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
