{"id":"https://openalex.org/W194565810","doi":null,"title":"The indirect effect of Cry 1Ab protein expressed in Bt maize, on the biology of Chrysoperla pudica (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)","display_name":"The indirect effect of Cry 1Ab protein expressed in Bt maize, on the biology of Chrysoperla pudica (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W194565810","mag":"194565810"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.nwu.ac.za:10394/10816","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10394/10816","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10394/10816","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402268","display_name":"Boloka Institutional Repository (North-west University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","host_organization_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10394/10816","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109070703","display_name":"Jo-Ann Francis Warren","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jo-Ann Francis Warren","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109070703"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11075","display_name":"Insect Resistance and Genetics","score":0.6601999998092651,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11075","display_name":"Insect Resistance and Genetics","score":0.6601999998092651,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11426","display_name":"Genetically Modified Organisms Research","score":0.2870999872684479,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10135","display_name":"Insect-Plant Interactions and Control","score":0.04969999939203262,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bt-maize","display_name":"Bt maize","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroptera","display_name":"Neuroptera","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-target-effects","display_name":"non-target effects","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indirect-exposure","display_name":"indirect exposure","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/busseola-fusca","display_name":"Busseola fusca","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bt-resistance","display_name":"Bt resistance","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predator-prey-interactions","display_name":"predator-prey interactions","score":0.550000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/larval-development","display_name":"larval development","score":0.6079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fecundity","display_name":"fecundity","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malformations","display_name":"malformations","score":0.6209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetically-modified-crops","display_name":"genetically modified crops","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-control","display_name":"biological control","score":0.41999998688697815}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776611274","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623727","display_name":"Chrysopidae","level":4,"score":0.9892523288726807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780577104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156438","display_name":"Neuroptera","level":3,"score":0.9805465936660767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.7703988552093506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.4289022982120514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781411073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264998","display_name":"Chrysoperla carnea","level":5,"score":0.41393887996673584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90856448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431","display_name":"Zoology","level":1,"score":0.39445605874061584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173758957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q129270","display_name":"Larva","level":2,"score":0.10598555207252502}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.nwu.ac.za:10394/10816","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10394/10816","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10394/10816","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402268","display_name":"Boloka Institutional Repository (North-west University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","host_organization_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"mag:194565810","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.nwu.ac.za:443/bitstream/10394/10816/1/Warren_JF.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.nwu.ac.za:10394/10816","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10394/10816","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10394/10816","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402268","display_name":"Boloka Institutional Repository (North-west University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","host_organization_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.958299994468689,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W194565810.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W194565810.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W177969938","https://openalex.org/W326675615","https://openalex.org/W327032242","https://openalex.org/W1522572551","https://openalex.org/W1566109206","https://openalex.org/W1584706094","https://openalex.org/W1588291123","https://openalex.org/W1601701628","https://openalex.org/W1819154130","https://openalex.org/W1828328088","https://openalex.org/W1971649034","https://openalex.org/W1976661160","https://openalex.org/W1978951704","https://openalex.org/W1987057788","https://openalex.org/W1989616445","https://openalex.org/W1991001400","https://openalex.org/W1999263082","https://openalex.org/W2016764769","https://openalex.org/W2025954960","https://openalex.org/W2027928293","https://openalex.org/W2038960430","https://openalex.org/W2039556325","https://openalex.org/W2057815476","https://openalex.org/W2065595606","https://openalex.org/W2071647638","https://openalex.org/W2083386197","https://openalex.org/W2085325778","https://openalex.org/W2096471295","https://openalex.org/W2098634155","https://openalex.org/W2098807084","https://openalex.org/W2100479084","https://openalex.org/W2111142657","https://openalex.org/W2112608511","https://openalex.org/W2118167953","https://openalex.org/W2119498454","https://openalex.org/W2140872338","https://openalex.org/W2142027994","https://openalex.org/W2150197358","https://openalex.org/W2150834775","https://openalex.org/W2156841658","https://openalex.org/W2172561992","https://openalex.org/W2177818451","https://openalex.org/W2199513460","https://openalex.org/W2328013322","https://openalex.org/W2507429056","https://openalex.org/W3007595541","https://openalex.org/W3070196133"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2040510607","https://openalex.org/W2590971059","https://openalex.org/W7019679437","https://openalex.org/W2925522020","https://openalex.org/W2949430049","https://openalex.org/W4301354749","https://openalex.org/W6960033265","https://openalex.org/W7006310243","https://openalex.org/W108808656","https://openalex.org/W2149340712"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Genetically":[0],"modified":[1],"(GM)":[2],"maize":[3,14,75,118,172],"was":[4,159,300,339,357],"developed":[5],"mainly":[6],"to":[7,65,146,160,184,204,250],"control":[8,261],"lepidopteran":[9],"pests":[10],"such":[11,34,131],"as":[12,35,132],"the":[13,22,36,39,66,77,112,162,165,186,193,205,251,260,294,301,304,308,317],"stem":[15],"borer":[16],"(Busseola":[17],"fusca)":[18],"(Lepidoptera:":[19],"Noctuidae).":[20],"Since":[21],"first":[23],"commercialization":[24],"of":[25,54,68,79,111,127,144,156,164,188,243,259,276,280,331],"GM":[26],"crops":[27],"with":[28,63],"insecticidal":[29],"properties,":[30],"possible":[31],"non-target":[32,175],"effects":[33,361],"effect":[37,67,89,163,231,268,325],"at":[38],"third":[40],"trophic":[41],"level":[42],"on":[43,76,173,232,269,285,293,327],"important":[44],"predators":[45,145],"for":[46,142],"example":[47],"lacewing":[48,220,311],"species":[49,116],"(Chrysoperla":[50],"spp.)":[51],"have":[52],"been":[53],"concern.":[55],"Contradicting":[56],"results":[57],"\\nwere":[58],"reported":[59,92],"in":[60,117,135,170,192,215,303,342],"previous":[61],"studies":[62,82],"regard":[64],"Cry":[69,104,151,166,189,297,318,336],"1Ab":[70,105,152,167,190,298,319,337],"protein":[71,168,191,320,338],"\\nproduced":[72],"by":[73,307],"Bt":[74,85,128,171,227,286],"performance":[78],"lacewings.":[80],"Some":[81],"found":[83],"that":[84,93,102,149,235,247,258,316,335],"\\nproteins":[86],"had":[87,228,253,265,321],"no":[88],"while":[90],"others":[91],"C.":[94,244,277,332,343],"carnea":[95],"performed":[96],"poorly":[97],"if":[98],"they":[99],"\\nconsumed":[100],"prey":[101,148,195,211,309,356,368],"consumed":[103],"protein.":[106],"In":[107],"South":[108,136],"Africa":[109,137],"one":[110],"most":[113],"\\ncommon":[114],"chrysopid":[115],"ecosystems":[119],"is":[120,362,369],"Chrysoperla":[121,198],"pudica":[122,199,245,278,344],"(Nav\u00e1s)":[123],"\\n(Neuroptera:":[124],"Chrysopidae).":[125],"Evolution":[126],"resistant":[129,287],"pests,":[130],"B.":[133,288],"fusca":[134,213,289],"facilitates":[138],"a":[139,174,229,254,266,322,351],"new":[140],"pathway":[141],"exposure":[143],"healthy":[147,208],"consumes":[150],"proteins.":[153],"The":[154,238,263],"aims":[155],"this":[157,348],"study":[158,314,349],"determine":[161,185],"expressed":[169],"organism's":[176],"(C.":[177],"pudica)":[178],"biology":[179],"via":[180],"indirect":[181],"exposure,":[182],"and":[183,196,219,222,240,272,310,334],"concentration":[187,299],"plant,":[194,305],"predator.":[197],"larvae":[200,246,282],"were":[201,236,248],"indirectly":[202],"exposed":[203,249],"Bt-toxin":[206,252,264],"through":[207],"Bt-maize":[209],"feeding":[210,217],"(B.":[212],"larvae)":[214],"two":[216],"experiments":[218],"survival":[221],"life":[223,329],"history":[224],"parameters":[225,234,330],"recorded.":[226],"limited":[230],"some":[233],"evaluated.":[237],"larval":[239],"pupal":[241],"periods":[242],"significant":[255,267],"difference":[256],"from":[257],"treatment.":[262],"fecundity,":[270],"fertility":[271],"malformation":[273],"after":[274],"emergence":[275],"adults":[279],"which":[281],"fed":[283],"only":[284,326],"larvae,":[290],"but":[291],"not":[292,358],"mortality":[295],"rate.":[296],"highest":[302],"followed":[306],"larvae.":[312,345],"This":[313],"showed":[315],"slight":[323],"adverse":[324],"certain":[328],"pudica,":[333],"hardly":[340],"detectable":[341],"However,":[346],"since":[347],"represented":[350],"worst-case":[352],"scenario":[353],"where":[354,367],"diverse":[355],"available,":[359],"insignificant":[360],"expected":[363],"under":[364],"field":[365],"conditions":[366],"diverse.":[370]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
