{"id":"https://openalex.org/W19451876","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600028888","title":"Welfare of badgers (Meles meles) subjected to culling: development and evaluation of a closed season","display_name":"Welfare of badgers (Meles meles) subjected to culling: development and evaluation of a closed season","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W19451876","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600028888","mag":"19451876"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0962728600028888","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600028888","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600028888","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144449874","display_name":"Animal Welfare","issn_l":"0962-7286","issn":["0962-7286","2054-1538"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Animal Welfare","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070834734","display_name":"Ro\u0219ie Woodroffe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2104-3133","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2104-3133"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1326803253","display_name":"Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/00tnppw48","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326803253","https://openalex.org/I2802373619"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"R Woodroffe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA","Independent Scientific Group on Cattle TB, c/o Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, 1A Page Street, London SW1P 4PQ, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent Scientific Group on Cattle TB, c/o Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, 1A Page Street, London SW1P 4PQ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1326803253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113452639","display_name":"F. John Bourne","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1326803253","display_name":"Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/00tnppw48","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326803253","https://openalex.org/I2802373619"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"FJ Bourne","raw_affiliation_strings":["Independent Scientific Group on Cattle TB, c/o Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, 1A Page Street, London SW1P 4PQ, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent Scientific Group on Cattle TB, c/o Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, 1A Page Street, London SW1P 4PQ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1326803253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111651207","display_name":"C. L. Cheeseman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1287240670","display_name":"Fera Science (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/05299tt38","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1287240670","https://openalex.org/I1326803253","https://openalex.org/I2802373619","https://openalex.org/I4210137385"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"CL Cheeseman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Central Science Laboratory, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Central Science Laboratory, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1287240670"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111511101","display_name":"DR Cox","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1326803253","display_name":"Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/00tnppw48","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326803253","https://openalex.org/I2802373619"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"DR Cox","raw_affiliation_strings":["Independent Scientific Group on Cattle TB, c/o Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, 1A Page Street, London SW1P 4PQ, UK","Nuffield College, New Road, Oxford OX1 1NF, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent Scientific Group on Cattle TB, c/o Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, 1A Page Street, London SW1P 4PQ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1326803253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nuffield College, New Road, Oxford OX1 1NF, UK","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012533867","display_name":"Christl Ann Donnelly","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0195-2463","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0195-2463"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1326803253","display_name":"Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/00tnppw48","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326803253","https://openalex.org/I2802373619"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"CA Donnelly","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, St Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, UK","Independent Scientific Group on Cattle TB, c/o Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, 1A Page Street, London SW1P 4PQ, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, St Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent Scientific Group on Cattle TB, c/o Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, 1A Page Street, London SW1P 4PQ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1326803253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075795489","display_name":"G. Gettinby","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1326803253","display_name":"Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/00tnppw48","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326803253","https://openalex.org/I2802373619"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G Gettinby","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistics and Modelling Science, University of Strathclyde, George Street, Glasgow G1 1XH, UK","Independent Scientific Group on Cattle TB, c/o Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, 1A Page Street, London SW1P 4PQ, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics and Modelling Science, University of Strathclyde, George Street, Glasgow G1 1XH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent Scientific Group on Cattle TB, c/o Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, 1A Page Street, London SW1P 4PQ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1326803253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113492346","display_name":"John Peter McInerney","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1326803253","display_name":"Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/00tnppw48","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326803253","https://openalex.org/I2802373619"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23923803","display_name":"University of Exeter","ror":"https://ror.org/03yghzc09","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"JP McInerney","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agricultural Economics Unit, University of Exeter, Lafrowda House, St German's Road, Exeter EX4 6TL, UK","Independent Scientific Group on Cattle TB, c/o Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, 1A Page Street, London SW1P 4PQ, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agricultural Economics Unit, University of Exeter, Lafrowda House, St German's Road, Exeter EX4 6TL, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent Scientific Group on Cattle TB, c/o Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, 1A Page Street, London SW1P 4PQ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1326803253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109912654","display_name":"WI Morrison","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1326803253","display_name":"Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/00tnppw48","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326803253","https://openalex.org/I2802373619"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"WI Morrison","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK","Independent Scientific Group on Cattle TB, c/o Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, 1A Page Street, London SW1P 4PQ, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent Scientific Group on Cattle TB, c/o Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, 1A Page Street, London SW1P 4PQ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1326803253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070834734"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1326803253","https://openalex.org/I84218800"],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.042,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95746848,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"1","first_page":"19","last_page":"25"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10838","display_name":"Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies","score":0.5741999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3404","display_name":"Small Animals"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/34","display_name":"Veterinary"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10838","display_name":"Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies","score":0.5741999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3404","display_name":"Small Animals"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/34","display_name":"Veterinary"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10199","display_name":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","score":0.37619999051094055,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14206","display_name":"Animal Law and Welfare","score":0.010400000028312206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/badger-culling","display_name":"badger culling","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/european-badger","display_name":"Meles meles","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/closed-season","display_name":"closed season","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tuberculosis-control","display_name":"tuberculosis control","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cattle-tuberculosis","display_name":"cattle tuberculosis","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weaning-timing","display_name":"weaning timing","score":0.5899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breeding-females","display_name":"breeding females","score":0.6209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wildlife-disease-management","display_name":"wildlife disease control","score":0.4020000100135803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52991690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1740042","display_name":"Culling","level":3,"score":0.9887192845344543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777146433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638105","display_name":"Badger","level":2,"score":0.9858295917510986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780423500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1345042","display_name":"Meles","level":3,"score":0.9774984121322632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523966790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q459426","display_name":"Animal welfare","level":2,"score":0.5438973307609558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.5362733006477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100243477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092","display_name":"Welfare","level":2,"score":0.416380375623703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3783547878265381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.35443875193595886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140793950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168091","display_name":"Animal science","level":1,"score":0.34803271293640137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.23964029550552368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194775826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209542","display_name":"Herd","level":2,"score":0.05794838070869446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.050325751304626465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0962728600028888","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600028888","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600028888","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144449874","display_name":"Animal Welfare","issn_l":"0962-7286","issn":["0962-7286","2054-1538"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Animal Welfare","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W97944840","https://openalex.org/W1993997416","https://openalex.org/W2002410273","https://openalex.org/W2026432225","https://openalex.org/W2037383548","https://openalex.org/W2055840679","https://openalex.org/W2084830205","https://openalex.org/W2319959085","https://openalex.org/W2323758014","https://openalex.org/W2900440245"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2978223541","https://openalex.org/W1274968931","https://openalex.org/W2025431369","https://openalex.org/W2979973876","https://openalex.org/W2115520622","https://openalex.org/W2504282920","https://openalex.org/W1989994866","https://openalex.org/W2031832579","https://openalex.org/W4288085196","https://openalex.org/W2041888157"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"For":[1],"the":[2,21,35,53,61,75,96,101,154,164,201,208],"past":[3],"25":[4],"years,":[5],"European":[6],"badgers":[7,119],"(Meles":[8],"meles)":[9],"have":[10],"been":[11],"subject":[12,216],"to":[13,19,26,59,72,91,125,217],"culling":[14,41,173,229],"in":[15,17,74,107,206,213],"Britain":[16],"attempts":[18],"limit":[20],"spread":[22],"of":[23,30,34,39,52,55,63,100,103,116,145,161,163,168,210,233],"tuberculosis":[24],"(TB)":[25],"cattle.":[27],"As":[28],"part":[29],"a":[31,43,81,114,159,192,231],"far-reaching":[32],"evaluation":[33],"effectiveness":[36],"and":[37,105,151,219],"acceptability":[38],"badger":[40,56,193,214,228],"as":[42],"TB":[44,236],"control":[45,237],"measure,":[46],"this":[47,79,223],"paper":[48],"assesses":[49],"one":[50],"aspect":[51],"welfare":[54,194],"populations":[57,215],"subjected":[58],"culling:":[60],"killing":[62],"breeding":[64],"females,":[65],"which":[66],"risks":[67],"leaving":[68],"their":[69,131],"unweaned":[70,128,169,211],"cubs":[71,147,170,212],"starve":[73],"den.":[76],"To":[77],"avoid":[78],"possibility,":[80],"three-month":[82],"closed":[83,202],"season":[84,203],"was":[85,185],"adopted,":[86],"running":[87],"from":[88],"1st":[89],"February":[90],"30th":[92],"April,":[93],"based":[94],"on":[95,182],"best":[97],"available":[98],"estimates":[99],"timing":[102],"birth":[104],"weaning":[106],"British":[108],"badgers.":[109],"During":[110],"May":[111],"1999\u20132003,":[112],"when":[113,130],"total":[115],"4705":[117],"adult":[118],"were":[120,133,141,148],"culled,":[121],"field":[122],"teams":[123,174],"failed":[124],"capture":[126,162],"12":[127],"litters":[129,144],"mothers":[132],"despatched.":[134],"In":[135],"31":[136],"other":[137],"cases,":[138],"lactating":[139],"females":[140],"culled":[142],"but":[143],"almost-weaned":[146],"also":[149],"caught":[150],"despatched":[152],"at":[153,177],"same":[155],"dens,":[156],"usually":[157],"within":[158],"day":[160],"mother.":[165],"The":[166],"number":[167],"missed":[171],"by":[172,191],"\u2014":[175,184],"estimated":[176],"approximately":[178],"nine":[179],"per":[180],"year":[181],"average":[183],"dramatically":[186],"lower":[187],"than":[188],"that":[189,200,222],"projected":[190],"lobby":[195],"group.":[196],"Our":[197],"data":[198],"suggest":[199],"is":[204],"effective":[205],"reducing":[207],"suffering":[209],"culling,":[218],"we":[220],"recommend":[221],"measure":[224],"be":[225],"maintained":[226],"should":[227],"form":[230],"component":[232],"any":[234],"future":[235],"policy.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
