{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1945052284","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1049.2011.00146.x","title":"FIRM PRODUCTIVITY AND INVESTMENT CLIMATE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: HOW DOES MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA MANUFACTURING PERFORM?","display_name":"FIRM PRODUCTIVITY AND INVESTMENT CLIMATE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: HOW DOES MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA MANUFACTURING PERFORM?","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-11-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1945052284","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1049.2011.00146.x","mag":"1945052284"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1746-1049.2011.00146.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1049.2011.00146.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1049.2011.00146.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S128035191","display_name":"The Developing Economies","issn_l":"0012-1533","issn":["0012-1533","1746-1049"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Developing Economies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082551547","display_name":"Tidiane Kinda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4367-8175","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4367-8175"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1310145890","display_name":"International Monetary Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/05m4rmw09","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1310145890"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"TIDIANE KINDA","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C., USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C., USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1310145890"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059482131","display_name":"Patrick Plane","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2138-9399","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2138-9399"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198244214","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne","ror":"https://ror.org/01a8ajp46","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198244214"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153954","display_name":"Centre d'\u00c9tudes et de Recherches sur le D\u00e9veloppement International","ror":"https://ror.org/01hg13988","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I198244214","https://openalex.org/I2802818602","https://openalex.org/I4210090127","https://openalex.org/I4210131494","https://openalex.org/I4210166444","https://openalex.org/I4387153954"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405259134","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Clermont I","ror":"https://ror.org/01stqnn06","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198244214","https://openalex.org/I4405259134"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"PATRICK PLANE","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clermont Universite\u0301, Universite\u0301 d'Auvergne, CERDI-CNRS, Clermont-Ferrand, France","Clermont Universit\u00e9, Universit\u00e9 d'Auvergne, CERDI\u2010CNRS, Clermont\u2010Ferrand, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clermont Universite\u0301, Universite\u0301 d'Auvergne, CERDI-CNRS, Clermont-Ferrand, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I198244214","https://openalex.org/I4387153954","https://openalex.org/I4405259134"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clermont Universit\u00e9, Universit\u00e9 d'Auvergne, CERDI\u2010CNRS, Clermont\u2010Ferrand, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I198244214","https://openalex.org/I4387153954","https://openalex.org/I4405259134"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089455399","display_name":"Marie\u2010Ange V\u00e9ganzon\u00e8s\u2010Varoudakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8920-4699","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8920-4699"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198244214","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne","ror":"https://ror.org/01a8ajp46","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198244214"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153954","display_name":"Centre d'\u00c9tudes et de Recherches sur le D\u00e9veloppement International","ror":"https://ror.org/01hg13988","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I198244214","https://openalex.org/I2802818602","https://openalex.org/I4210090127","https://openalex.org/I4210131494","https://openalex.org/I4210166444","https://openalex.org/I4387153954"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405259134","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Clermont I","ror":"https://ror.org/01stqnn06","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198244214","https://openalex.org/I4405259134"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"MARIE-ANGE V\u00c9GANZON\u00c8S-VAROUDAKIS","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clermont Universite\u0301, Universite\u0301 d'Auvergne, CERDI-CNRS, Clermont-Ferrand, France","Clermont Universit\u00e9, Universit\u00e9 d'Auvergne, CERDI\u2010CNRS, Clermont\u2010Ferrand, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clermont Universite\u0301, Universite\u0301 d'Auvergne, CERDI-CNRS, Clermont-Ferrand, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I198244214","https://openalex.org/I4387153954","https://openalex.org/I4405259134"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clermont Universit\u00e9, Universit\u00e9 d'Auvergne, CERDI\u2010CNRS, Clermont\u2010Ferrand, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I198244214","https://openalex.org/I4387153954","https://openalex.org/I4405259134"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2760,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2760},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.4963,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97510237,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"49","issue":"4","first_page":"429","last_page":"462"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.5845000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.5845000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10415","display_name":"International Business and FDI","score":0.14790000021457672,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.1462000012397766,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firm-productivity","display_name":"firm productivity","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/investment-climate","display_name":"investment climate","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manufacturing-industry","display_name":"manufacturing industry","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/middle-east-and-north-africa","display_name":"Middle East and North Africa","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enterprise-competitiveness","display_name":"enterprise competitiveness","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unit-labor-costs","display_name":"unit labor costs","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrastructure-quality","display_name":"infrastructure quality","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-force-education","display_name":"labor force education","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-to-finance","display_name":"access to finance","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-government-relations","display_name":"state-business relations","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developing-countries","display_name":"developing countries","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/globalization","display_name":"globalization","score":0.3490000069141388}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3651065","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7204","display_name":"Middle East","level":2,"score":0.7713633179664612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.7556065320968628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6610804200172424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.5860817432403564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.5830804705619812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5296772718429565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2119116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7181","display_name":"Globalization","level":2,"score":0.5137511491775513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5057964324951172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83864248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177323","display_name":"Developing country","level":2,"score":0.48098504543304443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33842695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q490513","display_name":"Foreign direct investment","level":2,"score":0.437117338180542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.42543551325798035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.4251159429550171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.42134928703308105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18547055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417","display_name":"International economics","level":1,"score":0.32444483041763306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.26559725403785706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.1633681356906891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.13228875398635864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.10745006799697876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.10072726011276245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1746-1049.2011.00146.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1049.2011.00146.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1049.2011.00146.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S128035191","display_name":"The Developing Economies","issn_l":"0012-1533","issn":["0012-1533","1746-1049"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Developing Economies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:bla:deveco:v:49:y:2011:i:4:p:429-462","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.1111/j.1746-1049.2011.00146.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"},{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":84,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1499360120","https://openalex.org/W1506113662","https://openalex.org/W1518001679","https://openalex.org/W1520082828","https://openalex.org/W1521571782","https://openalex.org/W1545325812","https://openalex.org/W1558074410","https://openalex.org/W1564185537","https://openalex.org/W1572031709","https://openalex.org/W1579344155","https://openalex.org/W1599307095","https://openalex.org/W1607175138","https://openalex.org/W1753677963","https://openalex.org/W1800297522","https://openalex.org/W1977433163","https://openalex.org/W1977845602","https://openalex.org/W1991128340","https://openalex.org/W2001153932","https://openalex.org/W2001331954","https://openalex.org/W2010235856","https://openalex.org/W2018810417","https://openalex.org/W2025482773","https://openalex.org/W2030768727","https://openalex.org/W2032305868","https://openalex.org/W2035583142","https://openalex.org/W2042562410","https://openalex.org/W2043033063","https://openalex.org/W2052650558","https://openalex.org/W2067304809","https://openalex.org/W2073552595","https://openalex.org/W2073650747","https://openalex.org/W2090044091","https://openalex.org/W2093081091","https://openalex.org/W2094372560","https://openalex.org/W2099268311","https://openalex.org/W2103551729","https://openalex.org/W2113844427","https://openalex.org/W2114786261","https://openalex.org/W2116047968","https://openalex.org/W2120303470","https://openalex.org/W2123959143","https://openalex.org/W2134412515","https://openalex.org/W2139896179","https://openalex.org/W2140176110","https://openalex.org/W2145875705","https://openalex.org/W2147081279","https://openalex.org/W2151826771","https://openalex.org/W2152078350","https://openalex.org/W2152826757","https://openalex.org/W2157182507","https://openalex.org/W2161831406","https://openalex.org/W2166974667","https://openalex.org/W2168338111","https://openalex.org/W2169346093","https://openalex.org/W2170545497","https://openalex.org/W2255807089","https://openalex.org/W2493920165","https://openalex.org/W2495985999","https://openalex.org/W2764940861","https://openalex.org/W2890608221","https://openalex.org/W2890782667","https://openalex.org/W2891163017","https://openalex.org/W2891444912","https://openalex.org/W2954746829","https://openalex.org/W2994756033","https://openalex.org/W3022790766","https://openalex.org/W3121581154","https://openalex.org/W3121823324","https://openalex.org/W3122100211","https://openalex.org/W3122611856","https://openalex.org/W3122705141","https://openalex.org/W3122763737","https://openalex.org/W3123888140","https://openalex.org/W3124136373","https://openalex.org/W3124274053","https://openalex.org/W3124576428","https://openalex.org/W3200006645","https://openalex.org/W4206653645","https://openalex.org/W4237731106","https://openalex.org/W4240669445","https://openalex.org/W4241550934","https://openalex.org/W4249659571","https://openalex.org/W4250296667","https://openalex.org/W4399863396"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7023855501","https://openalex.org/W7056652044","https://openalex.org/W2164181753","https://openalex.org/W1514647171","https://openalex.org/W3112556901","https://openalex.org/W3129636393","https://openalex.org/W3112421866","https://openalex.org/W7096313664","https://openalex.org/W3113167528","https://openalex.org/W2295885904"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Firm":[0,57],"productive":[1],"performances":[2],"in":[3,20,33,71,133,139,145],"five":[4],"Middle":[5],"East":[6],"and":[7,12,101,109,113],"North":[8],"African":[9],"(MENA)":[10],"economies":[11],"eight":[13],"manufacturing":[14,138],"industries":[15],"are":[16],"compared":[17],"to":[18,52,111,141],"those":[19],"17":[21],"other":[22],"developing":[23],"countries.":[24],"Although":[25],"the":[26,39,43,47,95,99,104,107,117,131,146],"broad":[27],"picture":[28],"hides":[29],"some":[30,53],"heterogeneity,":[31],"enterprises":[32],"MENA":[34,44,140],"often":[35],"performed":[36],"inadequately":[37],"given":[38],"middle-income":[40],"status":[41],"of":[42,49,97,103,116,130],"economies,":[45],"with":[46,64],"exception":[48],"Morocco":[50],"and,":[51],"extent,":[54],"Saudi":[55],"Arabia.":[56],"competitiveness":[58],"is":[59],"a":[60,65],"more":[61,143],"constant":[62],"constraint,":[63],"unit":[66],"labor":[67,105],"cost":[68,108],"higher":[69],"than":[70],"most":[72],"competitor":[73],"countries,":[74],"as":[75,77],"well":[76],"investment":[78],"climate":[79],"(IC)":[80],"deficiencies.":[81],"The":[82],"empirical":[83],"analysis":[84],"also":[85],"points":[86],"out":[87],"how":[88],"IC":[89],"matters":[90],"for":[91],"firm":[92],"productivity":[93],"through":[94],"quality":[96],"infrastructure,":[98],"experience":[100],"education":[102],"force,":[106],"access":[110],"financing,":[112],"different":[114],"dimensions":[115,129],"government\u2013business":[118],"relationship.":[119],"These":[120],"findings":[121],"bear":[122],"important":[123],"policy":[124],"implications":[125],"by":[126],"showing":[127],"which":[128,134],"IC,":[132],"industry,":[135],"could":[136],"help":[137],"be":[142],"competitive":[144],"globalization":[147],"context.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
