{"id":"https://openalex.org/W194471308","doi":null,"title":"Eye movement efficiency in normal and reading disabled elementary school children: effects of varying luminance and wavelength.","display_name":"Eye movement efficiency in normal and reading disabled elementary school children: effects of varying luminance and wavelength.","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W194471308","mag":"194471308","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9697381"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:9697381","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9697381","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Optometric Association","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083591570","display_name":"Harold A. Solan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327163397","display_name":"State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01q1z8k08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327163397"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87377408","display_name":"SUNY College of Optometry","ror":"https://ror.org/02v9m6h26","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87377408"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H A Solan","raw_affiliation_strings":["State College of Optometry, State University of New York, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State College of Optometry, State University of New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327163397","https://openalex.org/I87377408"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049010780","display_name":"Anthony P. Ficarra","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A Ficarra","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108702099","display_name":"Julie R. Brannan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J R Brannan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"F Rucker","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F Rucker","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.5097,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93683463,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"7","first_page":"455","last_page":"64"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.9761000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.9761000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10381","display_name":"Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies","score":0.020800000056624413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-movements","display_name":"eye movements","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading-disabilities","display_name":"reading disorders","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dyslexia","display_name":"dyslexia","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/luminance","display_name":"luminance","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelength","display_name":"wavelength","score":0.6140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blue-filter","display_name":"blue filter","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fixation","display_name":"fixation","score":0.5559999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression-analysis","display_name":"regression analysis","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading-speed","display_name":"reading speed","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elementary-school-students","display_name":"elementary school students","score":0.7990000247955322}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153050134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q760256","display_name":"Eye movement","level":2,"score":0.6049583554267883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5886951684951782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.550347089767456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73313986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355386","display_name":"Luminance","level":2,"score":0.548221230506897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.5395042896270752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777970837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569389","display_name":"Words per minute","level":3,"score":0.47806552052497864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122048520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2913954","display_name":"Percentile","level":2,"score":0.4509047567844391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119767625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618211","display_name":"Optometry","level":1,"score":0.41123324632644653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.35718315839767456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3563707768917084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.3551369309425354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1991519033908844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.16394078731536865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.09685876965522766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004410","descriptor_name":"Dyslexia","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005133","descriptor_name":"Eye Movements","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005403","descriptor_name":"Fixation, Ocular","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008027","descriptor_name":"Light","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012044","descriptor_name":"Regression Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012574","descriptor_name":"Schools","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014787","descriptor_name":"Vision Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:9697381","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9697381","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Optometric Association","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},{"id":"mag:194471308","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9697381","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4156000018119812,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"},{"score":0.4043000042438507,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.9100000262260437,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W65233337","https://openalex.org/W2343724844","https://openalex.org/W2153135509","https://openalex.org/W1990207917","https://openalex.org/W4243354942","https://openalex.org/W962509329","https://openalex.org/W2095521677","https://openalex.org/W2883181160","https://openalex.org/W1991841243","https://openalex.org/W4320914773"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"This":[1,195],"investigation":[2,196],"examines":[3],"the":[4,50,56,136,139,145,151,175,179,218,234,246],"question":[5],"of":[6,10,28,55,62,120,133,155,202,220,226,236,254,258],"whether":[7],"decreasing":[8],"wavelength":[9,201],"light":[11,203],"and/or":[12],"reducing":[13],"luminance":[14],"benefits":[15],"oculomotor":[16,249],"efficiency":[17,207],"in":[18,182,208,213,217,228,241],"normal":[19,33,121,190],"and":[20,75,93,111,131,157,162,191,204,222,224],"reading":[21,39,69,100,227],"disabled":[22,35,126,192],"(RD)":[23],"children.":[24,230],"METHODS:":[25],"Two":[26],"groups":[27],"children":[29],"were":[30,46,80,86,123,159,185],"identified":[31],"as":[32,53],"or":[34],"readers":[36,107,122,127],"using":[37,88,108],"standardized":[38,99],"tests.":[40,96],"After":[41],"suitable":[42],"practice,":[43],"eye":[44,117,205],"movements":[45],"objectively":[47],"measured":[48,81],"with":[49,71,114,144,150,174],"Visagraph":[51],"II":[52],"each":[54,83],"subjects":[57],"silently":[58],"read":[59],"a":[60,89,198,214],"series":[61],"three":[63,141,180],"different":[64],"selections":[65],"at":[66],"their":[67],"independent":[68],"level":[70],"clear":[72,115,152],"(control),":[73],"gray,":[74],"blue":[76,146,176],"filters.":[77],"Four":[78],"variables":[79,142,181],"for":[82,128],"subject.":[84],"Data":[85],"analyzed":[87],"repeated":[90],"measure":[91],"ANOVA":[92],"post":[94],"hoc":[95],"RESULTS:":[97],"The":[98,231,251],"tests":[101],"significantly":[102,160,165],"differentiated":[103],"average":[104],"from":[105],"poor":[106],"grade":[109],"scores":[110,119],"percentiles.":[112],"Initially,":[113],"filters,":[116],"movement":[118,206],"superior":[124],"to":[125,244,261],"fixations":[129,156,221],"regressions,":[130],"rate":[132,163,225],"reading.":[134,209],"Among":[135],"RDs--but":[137],"not":[138],"normals--the":[140],"improved":[143],"filter":[147],"when":[148],"compared":[149],"filter,":[153],"number":[154,219],"regressions":[158,223],"lower,":[161],"was":[164],"higher.":[166],"Gray":[167],"filters":[168,177,211],"yielded":[169],"no":[170,186],"significant":[171,187,215],"changes.":[172],"Improvement":[173],"normalized":[178],"that":[183],"there":[184],"differences":[188],"between":[189,200],"readers.":[193],"CONCLUSION:":[194],"confirms":[197],"link":[199],"Blue":[210],"resulted":[212],"improvement":[216],"RD":[229],"outcome":[232],"broadens":[233],"concept":[235],"transient":[237],"system":[238],"deficit":[239],"established":[240],"previous":[242],"research":[243],"include":[245],"effect":[247],"on":[248],"efficiency.":[250],"educational":[252],"implications":[253],"this":[255],"study":[256],"are":[257],"special":[259],"interest":[260],"optometrists.":[262]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}