{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1944205606","doi":null,"title":"Cost-effectiveness of simvastatin in the secondary prevention of coronary artery disease in Canada.","display_name":"Cost-effectiveness of simvastatin in the secondary prevention of coronary artery disease in Canada.","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1944205606","mag":"1944205606","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9099167","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1227164"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:145165","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC1227164","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC1227164","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113552584","display_name":"M Rivi\u00e8re","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108991","display_name":"IQVIA (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01mk44223","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108991"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M Rivi\u00e8re","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Economics, Quintiles Canada Inc., Montreal, QC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Economics, Quintiles Canada Inc., Montreal, QC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108991"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005527467","display_name":"S Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071145856","display_name":"C Leclerc","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C Leclerc","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037951673","display_name":"Catherine Fitzsimon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C Fitzsimon","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080584732","display_name":"Roma Tretiak","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R Tretiak","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0415,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87258994,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"156","issue":"7","first_page":"991","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10394","display_name":"Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health","score":0.9653000235557556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10394","display_name":"Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health","score":0.9653000235557556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10804","display_name":"Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life","score":0.03269999846816063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10193","display_name":"Coronary Interventions and Diagnostics","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simvastatin","display_name":"simvastatin","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-effectiveness","display_name":"cost-effectiveness","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secondary-prevention","display_name":"secondary prevention","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronary-artery-disease","display_name":"coronary artery disease","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scandinavian-simvastatin-survival-study","display_name":"Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/4s-trial","display_name":"4S trial","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-term-statin-therapy","display_name":"long-term statin therapy","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-mortality","display_name":"cardiovascular mortality","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/myocardial-infarction","display_name":"myocardial infarction","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stroke","display_name":"stroke","score":0.7260000109672546}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776329913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q670131","display_name":"Simvastatin","level":2,"score":0.9558623433113098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8562228679656982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778213512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844935","display_name":"Coronary artery disease","level":2,"score":0.7573285102844238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C500558357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12152","display_name":"Myocardial infarction","level":2,"score":0.6206808686256409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019080777","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1754768","display_name":"Cost effectiveness","level":2,"score":0.5806989669799805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780645631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671554","display_name":"Stroke (engine)","level":2,"score":0.43827587366104126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4304403066635132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.41924598813056946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194828623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2861470","display_name":"Emergency medicine","level":1,"score":0.40564143657684326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.3463117778301239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.3265257775783539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000960","descriptor_name":"Hypolipidemic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000960","descriptor_name":"Hypolipidemic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002170","descriptor_name":"Canada","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003327","descriptor_name":"Coronary Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003327","descriptor_name":"Coronary Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003327","descriptor_name":"Coronary Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003362","descriptor_name":"Cost-Benefit Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004791","descriptor_name":"Enzyme Inhibitors","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004791","descriptor_name":"Enzyme Inhibitors","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006295","descriptor_name":"Health Resources","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006295","descriptor_name":"Health Resources","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006302","descriptor_name":"Health Services Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008148","descriptor_name":"Lovastatin","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008148","descriptor_name":"Lovastatin","qualifier_ui":"Q000031","qualifier_name":"analogs & derivatives","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008148","descriptor_name":"Lovastatin","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011379","descriptor_name":"Prognosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016019","descriptor_name":"Survival Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018803","descriptor_name":"Models, Economic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019821","descriptor_name":"Simvastatin","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:145165","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC1227164","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:9099167","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9099167","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1227164","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1227164/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"CMAJ","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.125.3859","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.125.3859","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cmaj.ca/cgi/reprint/156/7/991.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:1944205606","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9099167","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:145165","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC1227164","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.98580002784729,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W181966118","https://openalex.org/W847116411","https://openalex.org/W1966330620","https://openalex.org/W1979099938","https://openalex.org/W1989206114","https://openalex.org/W2000228832","https://openalex.org/W2008936746","https://openalex.org/W2022109882","https://openalex.org/W2052305126","https://openalex.org/W2057327245","https://openalex.org/W2058279668","https://openalex.org/W2060203449","https://openalex.org/W2066457780","https://openalex.org/W2069304371","https://openalex.org/W2075826151","https://openalex.org/W2082151381","https://openalex.org/W2132931461","https://openalex.org/W2148463229","https://openalex.org/W2183761985","https://openalex.org/W2324712847","https://openalex.org/W2339031854","https://openalex.org/W2343897549","https://openalex.org/W4246764494"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2460918733","https://openalex.org/W2183761985","https://openalex.org/W1966109625","https://openalex.org/W2341112456","https://openalex.org/W2066589519","https://openalex.org/W4416705698","https://openalex.org/W2336752160","https://openalex.org/W2004905809","https://openalex.org/W2472140994","https://openalex.org/W2123026839"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"To":[1],"determine":[2],"the":[3,8,25,43,104,115,117,145,151,160,175,178,189,199,204,209,237],"cost-effectiveness":[4],"of":[5,11,46,57,72,106,109,119,135,162,165,177,192,208,216,221,240],"simvastatin":[6,48,120,148,163,193,231],"in":[7,16,167,243],"secondary":[9,241],"prevention":[10,239],"coronary":[12,82,88],"artery":[13,83],"disease":[14],"(CAD)":[15],"Canada.":[17,244],"DESIGN:":[18],"Cost-effectiveness":[19],"model":[20,228],"based":[21],"on":[22,122],"results":[23],"from":[24,38,103],"Scandinavian":[26],"Simvastatin":[27],"Survival":[28],"Study":[29],"(45":[30],"study)":[31],"and":[32,34,70,91,142,223],"cost":[33],"resource":[35],"utilization":[36],"data":[37],"Canadian":[39],"sources":[40],"to":[41,158,236],"simulate":[42],"economic":[44],"impact":[45,118],"long-term":[47,238],"treatment":[49,121,164],"(15":[50],"years).":[51],"PATIENTS:":[52],"Subjects":[53],"with":[54,78,99,131,150],"mean":[55],"age":[56],"59.4":[58],"years":[59,173,202,207],"at":[60],"recruitment":[61],"into":[62],"4S":[63,129,179],"study.":[64,180],"OUTCOME":[65],"MEASURES:":[66],"Overall":[67],"death":[68],"rate":[69],"incidence":[71],"5":[73],"major":[74],"nonfatal":[75],"events":[76],"associated":[77,98],"CAD:":[79],"myocardial":[80],"infarction,":[81],"bypass":[84],"grafting,":[85],"percutaneous":[86],"transluminal":[87],"angioplasty,":[89],"stroke":[90],"transient":[92],"ischemic":[93],"attack.":[94],"Direct":[95],"medical":[96],"costs":[97,112,124,213],"CAD":[100,166,242],"were":[101,156],"assessed":[102],"perspective":[105],"provincial":[107],"ministries":[108],"health":[110],"(i.e.,":[111],"borne":[113],"by":[114],"ministries);":[116],"these":[123],"was":[125],"determined.":[126],"RESULTS:":[127],"The":[128,181],"study,":[130],"a":[132,233],"median":[133],"follow-up":[134],"5.4":[136],"years,":[137,171],"showed":[138],"significantly":[139],"reduced":[140],"mortality":[141],"morbidity":[143],"among":[144],"patients":[146],"given":[147],"compared":[149],"control":[152],"subjects.":[153],"Three":[154],"premises":[155],"designed":[157],"predict":[159],"consequences":[161],"Canada":[168],"over":[169],"15":[170,206],"10":[172,201],"beyond":[174],"end":[176],"2":[182],"most":[183],"probable":[184],"premises,":[185],"which":[186],"assumed":[187],"that":[188,230],"clinical":[190],"benefits":[191],"would":[194],"be":[195],"cumulative":[196],"for":[197],"either":[198],"first":[200],"or":[203],"full":[205],"model,":[210],"had":[211],"incremental":[212],"per":[214],"year":[215],"life":[217],"gained":[218],"(cost-effectiveness":[219],"ratio)":[220],"$9867":[222],"$6108":[224],"respectively.":[225],"CONCLUSION:":[226],"This":[227],"suggests":[229],"provides":[232],"cost-effective":[234],"approach":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
