{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1942511099","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/31.4.257","title":"The Privatization of the Welfare State: A Review","display_name":"The Privatization of the Welfare State: A Review","publication_year":1986,"publication_date":"1986-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1942511099","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/31.4.257","mag":"1942511099","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10300978"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/sw/31.4.257","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/31.4.257","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/31.4.257","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S961603","display_name":"Social Work","issn_l":"0037-8046","issn":["0037-8046","1545-6846"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social Work","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084823250","display_name":"Mimi Abramovitz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0945-2981","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0945-2981"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174216632","display_name":"City University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/00453a208","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174216632"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39694355","display_name":"Hunter College","ror":"https://ror.org/00g2xk477","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39694355"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mimi Abramovitz","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Social Work, Hunter College, City University of New York"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Social Work, Hunter College, City University of New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174216632","https://openalex.org/I39694355"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084823250"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174216632","https://openalex.org/I39694355"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":54.5004,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":64,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99836638,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"4","first_page":"257","last_page":"264"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10443","display_name":"Social Policy and Reform Studies","score":0.9750999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10443","display_name":"Social Policy and Reform Studies","score":0.9750999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13624","display_name":"Social Sciences and Policies","score":0.013199999928474426,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3300","display_name":"General Social Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10213","display_name":"Public Policy and Administration Research","score":0.003100000089034438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/privatization-of-social-services","display_name":"privatization of social services","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/welfare-state","display_name":"welfare state","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reagan-administration","display_name":"Reagan administration","score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/private-enterprises","display_name":"private enterprises","score":0.5659999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-justice","display_name":"social justice","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-intervention","display_name":"economic intervention","score":0.5849999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inequality","display_name":"inequality","score":0.546999990940094}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C536738050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3249071","display_name":"Social Welfare","level":2,"score":0.6070668697357178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.5929439663887024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100243477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092","display_name":"Welfare","level":2,"score":0.5927236676216125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5733833312988281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129603779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192451","display_name":"Welfare state","level":3,"score":0.5621914863586426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139621336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3190382","display_name":"Economic Justice","level":2,"score":0.5264675617218018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.4537988603115082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982832299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264892","display_name":"Social justice","level":2,"score":0.45316213369369507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780765947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12033531","display_name":"Administration (probate law)","level":2,"score":0.4492810368537903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.4374193549156189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4364984333515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.42541825771331787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45866007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191675","display_name":"Mixed economy","level":2,"score":0.41383984684944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16920402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205398","display_name":"Social work","level":2,"score":0.41320982575416565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.34622782468795776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.2832658886909485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.24648234248161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.21213144063949585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.16033458709716797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.11549162864685059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.08051362633705139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006297","descriptor_name":"Health Services Accessibility","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006761","descriptor_name":"Hospitals","qualifier_ui":"Q000600","qualifier_name":"supply & distribution","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006777","descriptor_name":"Hospitals, Proprietary","qualifier_ui":"Q000600","qualifier_name":"supply & distribution","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007221","descriptor_name":"Industry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011640","descriptor_name":"Public Policy","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012946","descriptor_name":"Social Welfare","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/sw/31.4.257","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/31.4.257","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/31.4.257","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S961603","display_name":"Social Work","issn_l":"0037-8046","issn":["0037-8046","1545-6846"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social Work","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:10300978","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10300978","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social work","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.47620001435279846},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.4074000120162964}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W27734708","https://openalex.org/W66066951","https://openalex.org/W1534323067","https://openalex.org/W2089073281","https://openalex.org/W2093774833","https://openalex.org/W2096016724","https://openalex.org/W2328237668","https://openalex.org/W2397467879","https://openalex.org/W2397721986","https://openalex.org/W2399570469","https://openalex.org/W2413809229","https://openalex.org/W2417326878","https://openalex.org/W2434772453","https://openalex.org/W2915632348","https://openalex.org/W2994179433"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2796097767","https://openalex.org/W2020905313","https://openalex.org/W7061384534","https://openalex.org/W2495665580","https://openalex.org/W2945675379","https://openalex.org/W7098789870","https://openalex.org/W1483628477","https://openalex.org/W144011352","https://openalex.org/W2077591435","https://openalex.org/W2760692322"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"the":[1,19,38,45,62,68,71],"privatization":[2,54],"of":[3,49,70],"social":[4,50],"services":[5],"is":[6],"not":[7],"new,":[8],"its":[9],"purpose,":[10],"form,":[11],"and":[12,66],"content":[13],"have":[14],"changed":[15],"over":[16],"time.":[17],"Under":[18],"Reagan":[20],"Administration,":[21],"it":[22],"has":[23],"meant":[24],"a":[25,32],"greater":[26],"role":[27],"for":[28],"private":[29,59],"enterprise":[30],"in":[31,37,47],"scaled-down":[33],"welfare":[34,64],"state.":[35],"Intervention":[36],"economy":[39],"was":[40],"historically":[41],"conceived":[42],"to":[43],"modify":[44],"market":[46],"behalf":[48],"justice.":[51],"In":[52],"contrast,":[53],"channels":[55],"public":[56],"dollars":[57],"into":[58],"hands,":[60],"strengthens":[61],"two-class":[63],"state,":[65],"reproduces":[67],"inequalities":[69],"free":[72],"market.":[73]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}