{"id":"https://openalex.org/W193979309","doi":null,"title":"Training needs analysis (TNA) practices : a survey of the top 1000 corporate companies in Malaysia","display_name":"Training needs analysis (TNA) practices : a survey of the top 1000 corporate companies in Malaysia","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-08-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W193979309","mag":"193979309"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:193979309","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/2809/","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036237158","display_name":"Rossilah Jamil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0137-0172","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0137-0172"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rossilah Jamil","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0137-0172","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057404965","display_name":"Hishamuddin Md. Som","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4813-4596","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4813-4596"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hishamuddin Md. Som","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4813-4596","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061640600","display_name":"Syaharizatul Noorizwan Muktar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6043-0219","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6043-0219"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syaharizatul Noorizwan Muktar","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6043-0219","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014431969","display_name":"Salwa Abdul Patah","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salwa Abd. Patah","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11994","display_name":"Human Resource Development and Performance Evaluation","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11994","display_name":"Human Resource Development and Performance Evaluation","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13163","display_name":"Organizational Learning and Leadership","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12802","display_name":"Competency Development and Evaluation","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-needs-analysis","display_name":"training needs assessment","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competency-analysis","display_name":"competency analysis","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-skills-training","display_name":"soft skills training","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iso-certification","display_name":"ISO certification","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-incident-technique","display_name":"critical incident technique","score":0.7369999885559082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777683733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201456","display_name":"Directory","level":2,"score":0.703681468963623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39896193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380344","display_name":"Descriptive statistics","level":2,"score":0.5427544116973877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5414066910743713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67674302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q730573","display_name":"Organizational culture","level":2,"score":0.47643381357192993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.47239038348197937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.45988214015960693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.45522770285606384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.4353877902030945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.3319486975669861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.32860684394836426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.313650906085968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.21341514587402344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.15532392263412476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.1439712643623352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:193979309","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/2809/","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W24126784","https://openalex.org/W2341221374","https://openalex.org/W1577800768","https://openalex.org/W2135303120","https://openalex.org/W3033845985","https://openalex.org/W2608115298","https://openalex.org/W2775258350","https://openalex.org/W7218058445","https://openalex.org/W7052893549","https://openalex.org/W1545887039"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,41,114,254,304,437,478,551,691,741],"literature":[1,59,438,496],"of":[2,16,55,105,123,155,160,194,219,222,263,265,271,274,282,284,289,300,306,328,338,360,382,386,426,428,439,453,492,542,560,592,597,631,656,659,700,702,708,711,719,721,726,737,743,765,775,797,819,823,863,865],"training":[3,8,17,39,124,134,324,429,440,445,454,476,561,571,761,866],"strongly":[4,441],"suggests":[5,442],"that":[6,63,226,443,500,663],"any":[7,169,444,606],"intervention":[9,446],"must":[10,447],"be":[11,252,448,689],"preceded":[12,449],"with":[13,30,102,241,320,334,362,416,450,467,539,678,757,771,799,853],"the":[14,53,103,184,192,223,227,242,245,335,347,419,432,451,490,540,621,629,660,664,679,682,772,784,856,869],"process":[15,452],"needs":[18,125,455,562],"analysis":[19,302,309,408,456,739,746,845],"(TNA).":[20,457],"This":[21,458],"prerequisite":[22,459],"step":[23,460],"is":[24,46,48,461,483,485],"considered":[25,462],"important":[26,50,463,487],"in":[27,36,51,90,109,132,171,183,188,191,239,244,260,280,414,464,473,488,527,546,569,608,620,625,628,676,681,697,717,851],"providing":[28,465],"organizations":[29,108,159,264,319,466,545,596,701,756],"valuable":[31,468],"information":[32,469],"to":[33,43,74,95,142,167,179,233,332,470,480,511,532,579,604,616,670,769],"help":[34,471],"them":[35,472],"designing":[37,474],"strategic":[38,475],"programs.":[40,477],"manner":[42,479],"which":[44,481],"TNA":[45,61,68,88,144,152,156,234,261,482,498,505,525,581,589,593,671,698],"approached":[47,484],"also":[49,147,165,316,378,486,584,602,753,815],"determining":[52,489],"accuracy":[54,491],"its":[56,493],"results.":[57,494],"Existing":[58,495],"on":[60,66,216,497,503,653],"shows":[62,499],"most":[64,266,501,703],"studies":[65,502],"organizational":[67,151,390,504,588,827],"practices":[69,157,262,506,594,699],"were":[70,164,177,235,277,315,351,355,377,507,601,614,672,714,752,788,792,814],"done":[71,508],"overseas.":[72,509],"Due":[73,510],"various":[75,202,512,639],"cultural":[76,513],"and":[77,139,146,212,238,291,298,310,321,342,371,384,409,514,576,583,649,675,728,735,747,758,779,808,821,846],"national":[78,515],"differences,":[79,516],"these":[80,517],"findings":[81,518],"may":[82,250,519,687],"not":[83,251,520,688],"reflect":[84,521],"similar":[85,522],"descriptions":[86,523],"regarding":[87,150,524,587],"practiced":[89,526],"this":[91,97,528,534],"country.":[92,529],"With":[93,530],"regard":[94,531],"these,":[96,533],"research":[98,115,224,255,535,552,661,692],"was":[99,199,330,435,536,636,767,872],"carried":[100,537],"out":[101,538],"purpose":[104,541],"understanding":[106,543],"how":[107,544],"Malaysia":[110,189,195,547,626,632],"practice":[111,548],"their":[112,248,549,685],"TNAs.":[113,550],"looked":[116,553],"into":[117,554],"many":[118,555],"aspects":[119,556],"such":[120,557],"as":[121,190,294,558,627,731],"nature":[122,559],"commonly":[126,563],"offered":[127,564],"by":[128,565],"organizations,":[129,566],"individuals":[130,567],"involved":[131,568],"selecting":[133,570],"participants,":[135,572],"data":[136,295,364,573,732,801],"collection":[137,296,365,574,733,802],"methods":[138,204,366,575,641,803],"techniques":[140,314,388,577,751,825],"used":[141,578],"perform":[143,580],"process,":[145,582],"general":[148,585],"perspectives":[149,586],"practices.":[153,590],"Comparisons":[154,591],"between":[158,357,380,424,595,794,817,861],"different":[161,279,317,598,716,754],"demographic":[162,267,599,704],"backgrounds":[163,600],"studied":[166,603],"see":[168,605],"differences":[170,259,607,696],"commitment":[172,609],"towards":[173,610],"TNA.":[174,611],"Survey":[175,612],"questionnaires":[176,613],"mailed":[178,615],"278":[180,617],"companies":[181,187,270,276,618,624,707,713],"listed":[182,619],"top":[185,228,622,665],"1000":[186,196,229,623,633,666],"directory":[193,630],"(2003).":[197,634],"Data":[198,635],"analyzed":[200,637],"using":[201,638],"statistical":[203,207,640,644],"including":[205,642],"descriptive":[206,643],"technique,":[208,345,645,782],"Kruskall-Wallis,":[209,646],"Mann-Whitney,":[210,647],"Spearman":[211,648],"Pearson":[213,650],"Correlations.":[214,651],"Based":[215,652],"30%":[217,654],"rate":[218,655],"returns,":[220,657],"results":[221,658],"showed":[225,662],"corporate":[230,667],"companies'":[231,668],"approaches":[232,249,669,686],"quite":[236,673],"systematic":[237,674],"accordance":[240,677],"suggestions":[243,680],"literature.":[246,683],"However,":[247,269,684,706],"sophisticated.":[253,690],"found":[256,331,356,379,421,693,768,793,816,858],"no":[257,694],"significant":[258,695],"characteristics.":[268,705],"dissimilar":[272,709],"nationality":[273,710],"parent":[275,712],"significantly":[278,715],"terms":[281,718],"delivery":[283,720],"soft":[285,722],"skill":[286,723],"training,":[287,724],"use":[288,299,337,725,736,774],"questionnaire":[290,727],"advisory":[292,729],"committe":[293,730],"methods,":[297,734],"competency":[301,308,396,738,745,833],"technique.":[303,412,740,849],"application":[305,385,742,822],"SWOT,":[307,744],"managerial":[311,400,748,837],"skills":[312,398,401,749,835,838],"audit":[313,750],"betwwen":[318,755],"without":[322,759],"a":[323,422,760,859],"unit.":[325,762],"ISO":[326,763],"certification":[327,764],"firms":[329,766],"correlate":[333,770],"firms'":[336,358,773,795],"performance":[339,403,776,840],"appraisal":[340,777],"method":[341,778],"critical":[343,410,780,847],"incident":[344,411,781,848],"though":[346,783],"relationships":[348,376,785,813],"for":[349,786],"both":[350,787],"very":[352,789],"weak.":[353,790],"Relationships":[354,791],"length":[359,381,796,818],"operations":[361,383,798,820],"two":[363,800],"namely":[367,804],"SKAs":[368,805],"tests":[369,806],"(weak)":[370,807],"Delphi(very":[372,809],"weak).":[373,810],"Very":[374,811],"weak":[375,812],"several":[387,824],"like":[389,826],"scanning,":[391,828],"task":[392,829],"/":[393,407,830,844],"KSA":[394,831],"analysis,":[395,397,832,834],"inventory,":[399,836],"audit,":[402,839],"review,":[404,841],"versatility":[405,842],"chart":[406,843],"Finally,":[413,850],"correspondence":[415,852],"previous":[417,854],"research,":[418,855],"study":[420,857],"relationship":[423,860],"size":[425,862],"firm":[427,864],"budget":[430,867],"although":[431,868],"correlation":[433,870],"value":[434,871],"low.":[436,873]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}