{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1936614560","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aps.2003.1219218","title":"Investigation of side looking EM field scattering from a buried metallic object to support UXO discrimination","display_name":"Investigation of side looking EM field scattering from a buried metallic object to support UXO discrimination","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-03-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1936614560","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aps.2003.1219218","mag":"1936614560"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/aps.2003.1219218","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aps.2003.1219218","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aps.2003.1219218","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210177825","display_name":"Digest - IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society. International Symposium","issn_l":"1522-3965","issn":["1522-3965","1947-1491"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium. Digest. Held in conjunction with: USNC/CNC/URSI North American Radio Sci. Meeting (Cat. No.03CH37450)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049793480","display_name":"Fridon Shubitidze","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9674-4810","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9674-4810"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107672454","display_name":"Dartmouth College","ror":"https://ror.org/049s0rh22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Shubitidze","raw_affiliation_strings":["Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111044342","display_name":"K. O\u2019Neill","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107672454","display_name":"Dartmouth College","ror":"https://ror.org/049s0rh22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800251061","display_name":"Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05wk0m864","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1306490931","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2800251061","https://openalex.org/I87303767"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088792","display_name":"United States Army","ror":"https://ror.org/00afsp483","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210088792"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. O'Neill","raw_affiliation_strings":["Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA","USA ERDC Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, NH, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"USA ERDC Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, NH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800251061","https://openalex.org/I4210088792"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087917111","display_name":"Irma Shamatava","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107672454","display_name":"Dartmouth College","ror":"https://ror.org/049s0rh22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I. Shamatava","raw_affiliation_strings":["Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109684402","display_name":"K. Sun","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107672454","display_name":"Dartmouth College","ror":"https://ror.org/049s0rh22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016359425","display_name":"Keith D. Paulsen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6692-3196","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6692-3196"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107672454","display_name":"Dartmouth College","ror":"https://ror.org/049s0rh22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K.D. Paulsen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.04882302,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"223","last_page":"226"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10739","display_name":"Electromagnetic Scattering and Analysis","score":0.0020000000949949026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11263","display_name":"Electromagnetic Simulation and Numerical Methods","score":0.0017000000225380063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unexploded-ordnance","display_name":"unexploded ordnance","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uxo-discrimination","display_name":"UXO discrimination","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/buried-metallic-objects","display_name":"buried metallic objects","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layered-earth","display_name":"layered ground","score":0.6230000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-penetrating-radar","display_name":"ground penetrating radar","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultra-wideband","display_name":"ultra-wideband","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-scattering-simulation","display_name":"electromagnetic scattering simulation","score":0.40700000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-resonance","display_name":"natural resonance","score":0.6449999809265137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184880428","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417308","display_name":"Finite-difference time-domain method","level":2,"score":0.834251880645752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132094186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641585","display_name":"Clutter","level":3,"score":0.8153907060623169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71813955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503560","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","level":3,"score":0.7660723924636841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16895185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15101726","display_name":"Perfectly matched layer","level":3,"score":0.6620295643806458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.6378993988037109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775977338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2302880","display_name":"Unexploded ordnance","level":2,"score":0.5875756740570068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5620962381362915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5595915913581848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203311528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34132","display_name":"Cylinder","level":2,"score":0.5167657136917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5088136792182922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.5005590915679932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.4105386435985565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3359394669532776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.30857813358306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2979828119277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2316388487815857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1857057809829712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07943117618560791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/aps.2003.1219218","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aps.2003.1219218","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aps.2003.1219218","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210177825","display_name":"Digest - IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society. International Symposium","issn_l":"1522-3965","issn":["1522-3965","1947-1491"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium. Digest. Held in conjunction with: USNC/CNC/URSI North American Radio Sci. Meeting (Cat. No.03CH37450)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1534573938","https://openalex.org/W2059042388"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7096917273","https://openalex.org/W1915961923","https://openalex.org/W2031429271","https://openalex.org/W2115160055","https://openalex.org/W7100227638","https://openalex.org/W2099549501","https://openalex.org/W1989405861","https://openalex.org/W7097421231","https://openalex.org/W1990312247","https://openalex.org/W2995175758"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Detection":[0],"and":[1,17,38,75,92,164],"identification":[2],"of":[3,36,40,46,55],"buried":[4,125],"unexploded":[5],"ordinance":[6],"(UXO)":[7],"remains":[8],"a":[9,124,158,162],"challenging":[10],"problem.":[11],"Despite":[12],"limitations":[13],"due":[14],"to":[15,78,116],"clutter":[16],"ground":[18,20,74],"coupling,":[19],"penetrating":[21],"radar":[22],"has":[23],"shown":[24],"considerable":[25],"virtues":[26],"for":[27,157],"UXO":[28],"discrimination.":[29],"Recent":[30],"UWB":[31],"field":[32,84,95,121],"tests":[33],"between":[34],"10's":[35],"MHz":[37,41],"100's":[39],"have":[42],"demonstrated":[43],"that":[44],"certain":[45],"the":[47,60,79,82,89,93,97,104,137,147],"target's":[48],"dimensions":[49],"can":[50],"be":[51,101],"estimated":[52],"from":[53,96,103,123],"analysis":[54],"complex":[56],"natural":[57],"resonances":[58],"in":[59,72,128,144,161],"signal.":[61],"The":[62,131,153],"problem":[63],"becomes":[64],"much":[65],"more":[66],"complicated":[67],"when":[68],"objects":[69],"are":[70,155],"placed":[71,127,160],"layered":[73,129,165],"oriented":[76],"vertical":[77],"antenna,":[80],"so":[81],"incident":[83],"cannot":[85,99],"excite":[86],"currents":[87],"along":[88],"major":[90],"axes":[91],"scattered":[94],"object":[98,126],"easily":[100],"separated":[102],"layer":[105,151],"interface":[106],"response.":[107],"To":[108],"investigate":[109],"this,":[110],"we":[111],"pursue":[112],"simulations":[113],"here":[114],"designed":[115],"test":[117],"side":[118],"looking":[119],"EM":[120],"scattering":[122],"ground.":[130],"numerical":[132],"calculation":[133],"is":[134],"done":[135],"using":[136],"finite":[138],"difference":[139],"time":[140],"domain":[141],"(FDTD)":[142],"method":[143],"conjunction":[145],"with":[146],"generalized":[148],"perfectly":[149],"matched":[150],"GPML.":[152],"results":[154],"analyzed":[156],"cylinder":[159],"uniform":[163],"earth.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-26T11:51:55.731654","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}