{"id":"https://openalex.org/W193544444","doi":null,"title":"Combined Leverage and Stock Risk","display_name":"Combined Leverage and Stock Risk","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W193544444","mag":"193544444"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:193544444","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/40473011","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525181","display_name":"Quarterly journal of business and economics","issn_l":"0747-5535","issn":["0747-5535","2327-8242"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Quarterly journal of business and economics","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010150159","display_name":"Rong-Jen Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rong-Jen Li","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044704404","display_name":"Glenn V. Henderson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Glenn V. Henderson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.08664588,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"1","first_page":"18","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12123","display_name":"Financial Analysis and Corporate Governance","score":0.48190000653266907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12123","display_name":"Financial Analysis and Corporate Governance","score":0.48190000653266907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10019","display_name":"Corporate Finance and Governance","score":0.42480000853538513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10047","display_name":"Financial Markets and Investment Strategies","score":0.03310000151395798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-leverage","display_name":"total leverage","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-leverage","display_name":"operating leverage","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-leverage","display_name":"leverage","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stock-market-risk","display_name":"stock market risk","score":0.9769999980926514}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.7228455543518066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84566663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2738224","display_name":"Operating leverage","level":3,"score":0.6583956480026245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204036174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909380","display_name":"Stock (firearms)","level":2,"score":0.5012569427490234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.48599085211753845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.46361973881721497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46900642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2647","display_name":"Huffman coding","level":3,"score":0.452311247587204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106159729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2294553","display_name":"Financial economics","level":1,"score":0.4330741763114929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.40548115968704224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.36228811740875244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556758197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018","display_name":"Monetary economics","level":1,"score":0.34898000955581665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.31284403800964355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2278536856174469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16149356961250305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12045910954475403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09270116686820984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.06393465399742126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129361004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2470236","display_name":"Profitability index","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:193544444","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/40473011","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525181","display_name":"Quarterly journal of business and economics","issn_l":"0747-5535","issn":["0747-5535","2327-8242"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Quarterly journal of business and economics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967393408","https://openalex.org/W1977726954","https://openalex.org/W1998463806","https://openalex.org/W2007808684","https://openalex.org/W2011506774","https://openalex.org/W2031209284","https://openalex.org/W2053797943","https://openalex.org/W2064207249","https://openalex.org/W2076715754","https://openalex.org/W2086082821","https://openalex.org/W2124224757","https://openalex.org/W2124680157","https://openalex.org/W2129605852","https://openalex.org/W2152089437","https://openalex.org/W2162676516","https://openalex.org/W2167953453","https://openalex.org/W2797195457","https://openalex.org/W3015302834"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1515680172","https://openalex.org/W2167953453","https://openalex.org/W3099895088","https://openalex.org/W7100672981","https://openalex.org/W2152089437","https://openalex.org/W4312235484","https://openalex.org/W7171463816","https://openalex.org/W2073144468","https://openalex.org/W7215215993","https://openalex.org/W2064207249"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"firm's":[1],"degree":[2],"of":[3,13,15,76,88],"total":[4],"leverage":[5,34,77],"commonly":[6],"is":[7],"considered":[8],"to":[9,86],"be":[10],"the":[11,38,74],"product":[12],"degrees":[14],"operating":[16,90],"and":[17,21,30,36,44,67,91],"financial":[18],"leverage.":[19],"Mandelker":[20,43],"Rhee's":[22],"empirical":[23],"evidence":[24],"supports":[25],"such":[26,56],"a":[27,50],"view.":[28],"O'Brien":[29],"Vanderheiden":[31],"question":[32],"conventional":[33],"proxies":[35],"suggest":[37],"improved":[39],"measures":[40],"used":[41],"here.":[42],"Rhee":[45],"do":[46],"not":[47],"test":[48],"against":[49],"competing":[51],"alternative.":[52,58],"L.":[53],"Huffman":[54],"provides":[55],"an":[57],"These":[59],"results":[60],"support":[61],"Huffman's":[62],"theory.":[63],"Interactions":[64],"between":[65],"investment":[66],"financing":[68,92],"can":[69],"either":[70],"increase":[71],"or":[72],"decrease":[73],"impact":[75],"on":[78],"stock":[79,96],"risk.":[80,97],"Combined":[81],"leverage,":[82],"estimated":[83],"without":[84],"regard":[85],"levels":[87],"its":[89],"components,":[93],"better":[94],"explains":[95]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-10-10T17:16:08.811792","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}