{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1934656702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.13139","title":"Breastfeeding and intelligence: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","display_name":"Breastfeeding and intelligence: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-07-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1934656702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.13139","mag":"1934656702","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26211556"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/apa.13139","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.13139","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.13139","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/apa.13139","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S178469169","display_name":"Acta Paediatrica","issn_l":"0365-1436","issn":["0365-1436","0803-5253","1651-2227"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Acta Paediatrica","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/apa.13139","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030361462","display_name":"Bernardo Lessa Horta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9843-412X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9843-412X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169248161","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Pelotas","ror":"https://ror.org/05msy9z54","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169248161"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bernardo L Horta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169248161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045451465","display_name":"Christian Loret de Mola","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5264-5914","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5264-5914"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169248161","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Pelotas","ror":"https://ror.org/05msy9z54","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169248161"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Loret de Mola","raw_affiliation_strings":["Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169248161"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061355571","display_name":"Cesar Gomes Victora","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2465-2180","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2465-2180"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169248161","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Pelotas","ror":"https://ror.org/05msy9z54","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169248161"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cesar G Victora","raw_affiliation_strings":["Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169248161"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030361462"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169248161"],"apc_list":{"value":4480,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4480},"apc_paid":{"value":4480,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4480},"fwci":7.2291,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":999,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98948844,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"104","issue":"S467","first_page":"14","last_page":"19"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10979","display_name":"Breastfeeding Practices and Influences","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10979","display_name":"Breastfeeding Practices and Influences","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11294","display_name":"Infant Nutrition and Health","score":0.00430000014603138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11060","display_name":"Infant Development and Preterm Care","score":0.002099999925121665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breastfeeding","display_name":"breastfeeding","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligence","display_name":"intelligence","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iq","display_name":"IQ","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-development","display_name":"cognitive development","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infant-cognition","display_name":"infant cognition","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maternal-iq","display_name":"maternal IQ","score":0.859000027179718}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776283161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174876","display_name":"Breastfeeding","level":2,"score":0.9111418724060059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8035318851470947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.7517485618591309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.6499477624893188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168743327","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1826427","display_name":"Random effects model","level":3,"score":0.5960715413093567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166047926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170277","display_name":"Intelligence quotient","level":3,"score":0.5137728452682495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.4615286886692047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.32582613825798035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.3205695152282715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.12384411692619324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.09348571300506592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001942","descriptor_name":"Breast Feeding","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002094","descriptor_name":"Republic of Belarus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003071","descriptor_name":"Cognition","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006113","descriptor_name":"United Kingdom","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007223","descriptor_name":"Infant","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007360","descriptor_name":"Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007361","descriptor_name":"Intelligence Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016032","descriptor_name":"Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/apa.13139","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.13139","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.13139","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/apa.13139","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S178469169","display_name":"Acta Paediatrica","issn_l":"0365-1436","issn":["0365-1436","0803-5253","1651-2227"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Acta Paediatrica","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:26211556","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26211556","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/apa.13139","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.13139","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.13139","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/apa.13139","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S178469169","display_name":"Acta Paediatrica","issn_l":"0365-1436","issn":["0365-1436","0803-5253","1651-2227"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Acta Paediatrica","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9074000120162964},{"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.5365999937057495}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Systematic Review","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review"},{"display_name":"Meta-Analysis","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/meta-analysis"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1934656702.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1934656702.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W56033953","https://openalex.org/W1542038388","https://openalex.org/W1573077361","https://openalex.org/W1964043505","https://openalex.org/W1966212572","https://openalex.org/W1982808180","https://openalex.org/W1984169180","https://openalex.org/W1985035121","https://openalex.org/W1991114426","https://openalex.org/W1993637886","https://openalex.org/W1993919271","https://openalex.org/W2005078229","https://openalex.org/W2039857249","https://openalex.org/W2046315484","https://openalex.org/W2052771993","https://openalex.org/W2055404511","https://openalex.org/W2082335304","https://openalex.org/W2086206475","https://openalex.org/W2088645208","https://openalex.org/W2096703602","https://openalex.org/W2097098556","https://openalex.org/W2103026252","https://openalex.org/W2107328434","https://openalex.org/W2127623019","https://openalex.org/W2128043559","https://openalex.org/W2136230791","https://openalex.org/W2139970805","https://openalex.org/W2141542301","https://openalex.org/W2148467780","https://openalex.org/W2156885907","https://openalex.org/W2157823046","https://openalex.org/W2157988808","https://openalex.org/W2161089645","https://openalex.org/W2163075402","https://openalex.org/W2164092942","https://openalex.org/W2168594544","https://openalex.org/W2169587347","https://openalex.org/W2169795300","https://openalex.org/W2171357886","https://openalex.org/W2171548638","https://openalex.org/W2511498758","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7100689108","https://openalex.org/W2234279452","https://openalex.org/W1597692598","https://openalex.org/W2809829786","https://openalex.org/W2122893714","https://openalex.org/W6959893914","https://openalex.org/W2792947297","https://openalex.org/W4241521981","https://openalex.org/W4315818843","https://openalex.org/W4319337621"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"AIM:":[0],"This":[1,179],"study":[2,147],"was":[3,68,172],"aimed":[4],"at":[5,49],"systematically":[6],"reviewing":[7],"evidence":[8,116],"of":[9,32,74,84,117,145,168],"the":[10,61,85,142,146,150,153,182],"association":[11,183],"between":[12,87],"breastfeeding":[13,88,131,169],"and":[14,30,38,54,64,89],"performance":[15,90,161],"in":[16,91,162,175],"intelligence":[17,92,163],"tests.":[18,93,164],"METHODS:":[19],"Two":[20],"independent":[21],"searches":[22],"were":[23,42,51,57],"carried":[24],"out":[25],"using":[26],"Medline,":[27],"LILACS,":[28],"SCIELO":[29],"Web":[31],"Science.":[33],"Studies":[34,120],"restricted":[35],"to":[36,59,70,159],"infants":[37],"those":[39],"where":[40],"estimates":[41,83],"not":[43],"adjusted":[44],"for":[45,123],"stimulation":[46],"or":[47],"interaction":[48],"home":[50],"excluded.":[52],"Fixed-":[53],"random-effects":[55,66,96],"models":[56],"used":[58,69],"pool":[60],"effect":[62,167],"estimates,":[63],"a":[65,95,101,127,176],"regression":[67],"assess":[71],"potential":[72],"sources":[73],"heterogeneity.":[75],"RESULTS:":[76],"We":[77,113],"included":[78],"17":[79],"studies":[80],"with":[81],"18":[82],"relationship":[86],"In":[94,141],"model,":[97],"breastfed":[98],"subjects":[99],"achieved":[100],"higher":[102],"IQ":[103,125],"[mean":[104,132],"difference:":[105],"3.44":[106],"points":[107,135],"(95%":[108,136],"confidence":[109,137],"interval:":[110,138],"2.30;":[111],"4.58)].":[112],"found":[114],"no":[115],"publication":[118],"bias.":[119],"that":[121,181],"controlled":[122],"maternal":[124],"showed":[126],"smaller":[128],"benefit":[129],"from":[130],"difference":[133],"2.62":[134],"1.25;":[139],"3.98)].":[140],"meta-regression,":[143],"none":[144],"characteristics":[148],"explained":[149],"heterogeneity":[151],"among":[152],"studies.":[154],"CONCLUSION:":[155],"Breastfeeding":[156],"is":[157,184],"related":[158],"improved":[160],"A":[165],"positive":[166],"on":[170],"cognition":[171],"also":[173],"observed":[174],"randomised":[177],"trial.":[178],"suggests":[180],"causal.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":69},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":77},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":96},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":271},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":74},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":99},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":73},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":79},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":63},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":50},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":43},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
