{"id":"https://openalex.org/W193314331","doi":null,"title":"Expertise in chess: The balance between knowledge and search.","display_name":"Expertise in chess: The balance between knowledge and search.","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W193314331","mag":"193314331"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:193314331","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1991-98902-002","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002594323","display_name":"Neil H. Charness","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1002-3439","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1002-3439"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Neil Charness","raw_affiliation_strings":["U Waterloo, Dept of Psychology, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1002-3439","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U Waterloo, Dept of Psychology, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002594323"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.0422,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":114,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96589102,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10813","display_name":"Sport Psychology and Performance","score":0.49459999799728394,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10813","display_name":"Sport Psychology and Performance","score":0.49459999799728394,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.45019999146461487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.023800000548362732,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chess-expertise","display_name":"chess expertise","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-based-search","display_name":"knowledge-based search","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expert-performance","display_name":"expert performance","score":0.5559999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chess-problem-solving","display_name":"chess problem solving","score":0.42399999499320984}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168031717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530280","display_name":"Balance (ability)","level":2,"score":0.5266627669334412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45810437202453613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35046982765197754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.14538425207138062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:193314331","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1991-98902-002","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1737802827","https://openalex.org/W2137247190","https://openalex.org/W2091785129","https://openalex.org/W1813811056","https://openalex.org/W2001467963","https://openalex.org/W3013278211","https://openalex.org/W43760866","https://openalex.org/W2063026846","https://openalex.org/W2136800736","https://openalex.org/W2114249383","https://openalex.org/W2102495692","https://openalex.org/W2045300586","https://openalex.org/W1945711486","https://openalex.org/W1540928175","https://openalex.org/W2171680637","https://openalex.org/W1984314602","https://openalex.org/W2333196491","https://openalex.org/W2315969544","https://openalex.org/W1950644452","https://openalex.org/W2985118785"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
