{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1927768466","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2729.2010.00392.x","title":"Cognitive presence in asynchronous online learning: a comparison of four discussion strategies","display_name":"Cognitive presence in asynchronous online learning: a comparison of four discussion strategies","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-11-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1927768466","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2729.2010.00392.x","mag":"1927768466"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1365-2729.2010.00392.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2729.2010.00392.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2729.2010.00392.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5743915","display_name":"Journal of Computer Assisted Learning","issn_l":"0266-4909","issn":["0266-4909","1365-2729"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computer Assisted Learning","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112036859","display_name":"Aubteen Darabi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103163165","display_name":"Florida State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g3dte14","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A. Darabi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Florida State University, FL","Florida State Univ., FL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Florida State University, FL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Florida State Univ., FL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044228146","display_name":"Meagan Caridad Arrastia-Chisholm","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5491-5554","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5491-5554"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103163165","display_name":"Florida State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g3dte14","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M.C. Arrastia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Florida State University, FL","Florida State Univ., FL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Florida State University, FL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Florida State Univ., FL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108670056","display_name":"David Nelson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103163165","display_name":"Florida State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g3dte14","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D.W. Nelson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Florida State University, FL","Florida State Univ., FL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Florida State University, FL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Florida State Univ., FL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063381247","display_name":"Tom Cornille","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103163165","display_name":"Florida State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g3dte14","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Cornille","raw_affiliation_strings":["Florida State University, FL","Florida State Univ., FL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Florida State University, FL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Florida State Univ., FL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013197894","display_name":"Xinya Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2453-2162","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2453-2162"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103163165","display_name":"Florida State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g3dte14","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"X. Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Florida State University, FL","Florida State Univ., FL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Florida State University, FL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Florida State Univ., FL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112036859"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"],"apc_list":{"value":4150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4150},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":23.6523,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":233,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99181814,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"3","first_page":"216","last_page":"227"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10162","display_name":"Online and Blended Learning","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10162","display_name":"Online and Blended Learning","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10636","display_name":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11516","display_name":"Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-presence","display_name":"cognitive presence","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-online-discussion","display_name":"asynchronous online discussion","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scenario-based-learning","display_name":"scenario-based learning","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debate","display_name":"debate","score":0.4189999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/role-play","display_name":"role play","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structured-discussion","display_name":"structured discussion","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/higher-order-learning","display_name":"higher-order learning","score":0.5600000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-thinking","display_name":"critical thinking","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-construction","display_name":"knowledge construction","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trigger-events","display_name":"triggering events","score":0.5350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploration","display_name":"exploration","score":0.5770000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integration","display_name":"integration","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resolution","display_name":"resolution","score":0.9950000047683716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780656832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q796573","display_name":"Online discussion","level":2,"score":0.7844457626342773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.6593428254127502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.5751047730445862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781410774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17008186","display_name":"Cognitive strategy","level":3,"score":0.5036956667900085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.4978194236755371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.464664101600647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4635116159915924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4532008767127991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986087404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15946010","display_name":"Online learning","level":2,"score":0.43357062339782715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.4004351794719696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.20922547578811646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.17139720916748047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.16469809412956238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1365-2729.2010.00392.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2729.2010.00392.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2729.2010.00392.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5743915","display_name":"Journal of Computer Assisted Learning","issn_l":"0266-4909","issn":["0266-4909","1365-2729"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computer Assisted Learning","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"mag:2408281659","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://iols.gmu.edu/assets/761/Article4b.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9235000014305115,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W19850478","https://openalex.org/W225894569","https://openalex.org/W318358118","https://openalex.org/W1497121238","https://openalex.org/W1501527695","https://openalex.org/W1507829608","https://openalex.org/W1565681143","https://openalex.org/W1586903773","https://openalex.org/W1622896514","https://openalex.org/W1755852377","https://openalex.org/W1939017218","https://openalex.org/W1971492392","https://openalex.org/W1972773676","https://openalex.org/W1974776846","https://openalex.org/W1976934248","https://openalex.org/W1995065350","https://openalex.org/W2012542309","https://openalex.org/W2014858765","https://openalex.org/W2018295676","https://openalex.org/W2027549290","https://openalex.org/W2035280915","https://openalex.org/W2042121885","https://openalex.org/W2055854942","https://openalex.org/W2056203448","https://openalex.org/W2067091271","https://openalex.org/W2077994556","https://openalex.org/W2078054225","https://openalex.org/W2085455107","https://openalex.org/W2085970550","https://openalex.org/W2106563064","https://openalex.org/W2111972787","https://openalex.org/W2112268323","https://openalex.org/W2114181363","https://openalex.org/W2114509888","https://openalex.org/W2116817443","https://openalex.org/W2123853620","https://openalex.org/W2123948776","https://openalex.org/W2125605284","https://openalex.org/W2126392688","https://openalex.org/W2127941671","https://openalex.org/W2132830028","https://openalex.org/W2133272076","https://openalex.org/W2137227662","https://openalex.org/W2146120708","https://openalex.org/W2147847490","https://openalex.org/W2148288651","https://openalex.org/W2164599981","https://openalex.org/W2170486810","https://openalex.org/W2170635503","https://openalex.org/W2246768081","https://openalex.org/W2376317911","https://openalex.org/W2468376537","https://openalex.org/W2559522178","https://openalex.org/W2923993486","https://openalex.org/W2924456615","https://openalex.org/W3032483817","https://openalex.org/W3041037505","https://openalex.org/W3128654557","https://openalex.org/W3146115948","https://openalex.org/W4233522785","https://openalex.org/W4234043690","https://openalex.org/W4239472901","https://openalex.org/W4253944259","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2408281659","https://openalex.org/W4389391471","https://openalex.org/W2485150766","https://openalex.org/W2907701258","https://openalex.org/W4281692604","https://openalex.org/W4364392078","https://openalex.org/W7098958665","https://openalex.org/W2587201081","https://openalex.org/W1518979762","https://openalex.org/W4399275980"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Some":[1],"scholars":[2],"argue":[3],"that":[4,37,144,192],"students":[5],"do":[6],"not":[7,50],"achieve":[8],"higher":[9,213],"level":[10],"learning,":[11],"or":[12],"cognitive":[13,59,98,206],"presence,":[14,99,207],"in":[15,132,201],"online":[16,28,42,84],"courses.":[17],"Online":[18],"discussion":[19,43,54,85,106,121,156,193,226],"has":[20],"been":[21],"proposed":[22],"to":[23,41,95,116,158,197],"bridge":[24],"this":[25],"gap":[26],"between":[27],"and":[29,65,91,113,179,187,208,212,228],"face\u2010to\u2010face":[30],"learning":[31],"environments.":[32],"However,":[33],"the":[34,38,53,56,79,96,100,103,117,125,135,145,159,166,174],"literature":[35],"indicates":[36],"conventional":[39],"approach":[40],"\u2013":[44,48,87,94],"asking":[45],"probing":[46],"questions":[47],"does":[49],"necessarily":[51],"advance":[52],"through":[55],"phases":[57],"of":[58,81,102,134,137,215,225],"presence:":[60],"triggering":[61,152],"events,":[62,153],"exploration,":[63],"integration":[64,188],"resolution,":[66],"which":[67],"are":[68],"crucial":[69],"for":[70,221,231],"deep":[71],"knowledge":[72],"construction.":[73],"Using":[74],"mixed":[75],"methods,":[76],"we":[77],"examined":[78],"contribution":[80],"four":[82,118],"scenario\u2010based":[83],"strategies":[86,181,194],"structured,":[88],"scaffolded,":[89],"debate":[90,178],"role":[92],"play":[93],"learners'":[97],"outcome":[101],"discussion.":[104],"Learners'":[105],"postings":[107],"within":[108],"each":[109,123],"strategy":[110],"were":[111,129,182],"segmented":[112],"categorized":[114],"according":[115],"phases.":[119,141,189],"The":[120,162,177],"strategies,":[122],"using":[124],"same":[126],"authentic":[127,203],"scenario,":[128],"then":[130],"compared":[131],"terms":[133],"number":[136],"segments":[138],"representing":[139],"these":[140],"We":[142,190,217],"found":[143],"structured":[146],"strategy,":[147,164],"while":[148],"highly":[149,183],"associated":[150,184],"with":[151,173,185],"produced":[154],"no":[155],"pertaining":[157],"resolution":[160,175],"phase.":[161,176],"scaffolded":[163],"on":[165],"other":[167],"hand,":[168],"showed":[169],"a":[170,199,219,223],"strong":[171],"association":[172],"role\u2010play":[180],"exploration":[186],"concluded":[191],"requiring":[195],"learners":[196],"take":[198],"perspective":[200],"an":[202],"scenario":[204],"facilitate":[205],"thus":[209],"critical":[210],"thinking":[211],"levels":[214],"learning.":[216],"suggest":[218],"heuristic":[220],"sequencing":[222],"series":[224],"forums":[227],"recommend":[229],"areas":[230],"further":[232],"related":[233],"research.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
