{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1925431452","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12154","title":"Political Online Information Searching in Germany and the United States: Confirmation Bias, Source Credibility, and Attitude Impacts","display_name":"Political Online Information Searching in Germany and the United States: Confirmation Bias, Source Credibility, and Attitude Impacts","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-04-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1925431452","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12154","mag":"1925431452"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/jcom.12154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12154","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12154","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107737141","display_name":"Journal of Communication","issn_l":"0021-9916","issn":["0021-9916","1460-2466"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-4","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Communication","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020158358","display_name":"Silvia Knobloch\u2010Westerwick","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1703-5771","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1703-5771"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Silvia Knobloch-Westerwick","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH 43210 USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH 43210 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062651717","display_name":"Cornelia Mothes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7268-1664","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7268-1664"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78650965","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden","ror":"https://ror.org/042aqky30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cornelia Mothes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication; TU Dresden; Dresden 01069 Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication; TU Dresden; Dresden 01069 Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102878707","display_name":"Benjamin K. Johnson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0588-221X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0588-221X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin K. Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH 43210 USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH 43210 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034243479","display_name":"Axel Westerwick","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Axel Westerwick","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH 43210 USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH 43210 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110868493","display_name":"Wolfgang Donsbach","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78650965","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden","ror":"https://ror.org/042aqky30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wolfgang Donsbach","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication; TU Dresden; Dresden 01069 Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication; TU Dresden; Dresden 01069 Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4235,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4235},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":22.656,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":126,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99197834,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"65","issue":"3","first_page":"489","last_page":"511"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.42289999127388,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.42289999127388,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13718","display_name":"Media Influence and Politics","score":0.31450000405311584,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10133","display_name":"News Media Framing and Political Communication","score":0.07259999960660934,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-information-seeking","display_name":"political information seeking","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-search-behavior","display_name":"online search behavior","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confirmation-bias","display_name":"confirmation bias","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-credibility","display_name":"source credibility","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selective-exposure","display_name":"selective exposure","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attitude-change","display_name":"attitude change","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-dissonance","display_name":"cognitive dissonance","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/approach-avoidance-behavior","display_name":"approach-avoidance behavior","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motivated-cognition","display_name":"motivated cognition","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-national-comparison","display_name":"cross-national comparison","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/2013-german-federal-election","display_name":"2013 German federal election","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/2012-u-s-presidential-election","display_name":"2012 presidential election","score":0.8840000033378601}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77513098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209722","display_name":"Cognitive dissonance","level":2,"score":0.8547462821006775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780224610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530061","display_name":"Credibility","level":2,"score":0.8260189294815063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780668109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192852","display_name":"Opposition (politics)","level":3,"score":0.7163527011871338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79585631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431498","display_name":"Confirmation bias","level":2,"score":0.7049851417541504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776620684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7565144","display_name":"Source credibility","level":3,"score":0.6423766016960144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154775046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188","display_name":"German","level":2,"score":0.635881781578064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C549090830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4818546","display_name":"Attitude change","level":2,"score":0.6095037460327148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.6001251935958862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197487636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49892","display_name":"Presidential system","level":3,"score":0.5947496294975281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5560158491134644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.5559974908828735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134698397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17946","display_name":"Public opinion","level":3,"score":0.502375602722168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.4826129376888275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776129789","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858439","display_name":"Presidential election","level":3,"score":0.4774123430252075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198477413","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7647069","display_name":"Survey data collection","level":2,"score":0.4282245337963104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.375621497631073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.09923779964447021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.07569164037704468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/jcom.12154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12154","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12154","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107737141","display_name":"Journal of Communication","issn_l":"0021-9916","issn":["0021-9916","1460-2466"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-4","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Communication","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research.vu.nl:openaire_cris_publications/7b9b66a1-9766-4319-b96e-a723604879f9","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.vu.nl/en/publications/7b9b66a1-9766-4319-b96e-a723604879f9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401107","display_name":"VU Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I865915315","host_organization_name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Knobloch-Westerwick, S, Mothes, C, Johnson, B K, Westerwick, A & Donsbach, W 2015, 'Political online information searching before the 2013 German federal election: Confirmation bias, source credibility, and attitude impacts', Journal of Communication, vol. 65, no. 3, pp. 489-511. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12154","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:vu:oai:research.vu.nl:publications/7b9b66a1-9766-4319-b96e-a723604879f9","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.vu.nl/en/publications/7b9b66a1-9766-4319-b96e-a723604879f9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Communication, 65(3), 489 - 511. Wiley-Blackwell","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W295447542","https://openalex.org/W561660722","https://openalex.org/W562368089","https://openalex.org/W591903904","https://openalex.org/W598947422","https://openalex.org/W1506701024","https://openalex.org/W1512096531","https://openalex.org/W1548699042","https://openalex.org/W1617454204","https://openalex.org/W1692053227","https://openalex.org/W1925504877","https://openalex.org/W1966114254","https://openalex.org/W1970883350","https://openalex.org/W1971070829","https://openalex.org/W1984861790","https://openalex.org/W1993113672","https://openalex.org/W1994020563","https://openalex.org/W1995298384","https://openalex.org/W1995560574","https://openalex.org/W2003350916","https://openalex.org/W2012873165","https://openalex.org/W2024962533","https://openalex.org/W2029098671","https://openalex.org/W2035381879","https://openalex.org/W2036905936","https://openalex.org/W2042809507","https://openalex.org/W2044155012","https://openalex.org/W2045526935","https://openalex.org/W2049885313","https://openalex.org/W2060742691","https://openalex.org/W2068459684","https://openalex.org/W2072500831","https://openalex.org/W2079136047","https://openalex.org/W2079607153","https://openalex.org/W2088969069","https://openalex.org/W2093472538","https://openalex.org/W2107349131","https://openalex.org/W2107983212","https://openalex.org/W2112687664","https://openalex.org/W2119175505","https://openalex.org/W2120061261","https://openalex.org/W2121451734","https://openalex.org/W2132490153","https://openalex.org/W2136217167","https://openalex.org/W2146350699","https://openalex.org/W2148416306","https://openalex.org/W2149893809","https://openalex.org/W2152297726","https://openalex.org/W2166155258","https://openalex.org/W2170227646","https://openalex.org/W2222515387","https://openalex.org/W2333579605","https://openalex.org/W2333691819","https://openalex.org/W2483487247","https://openalex.org/W2494420114","https://openalex.org/W2586957537","https://openalex.org/W2891649320","https://openalex.org/W2897838581","https://openalex.org/W3125380295","https://openalex.org/W3214432677","https://openalex.org/W4214907476","https://openalex.org/W4249887204","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4300107936"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971070829","https://openalex.org/W2736721503","https://openalex.org/W2927206440","https://openalex.org/W2614020630","https://openalex.org/W2107983212","https://openalex.org/W2945924816","https://openalex.org/W6998921391","https://openalex.org/W2945910705","https://openalex.org/W2737872961","https://openalex.org/W3002848681"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Before":[0],"the":[1,19,55,107],"2013":[2],"German":[3],"federal":[4],"election,":[5],"121":[6],"participants":[7],"completed":[8],"a":[9,15,40,83,102],"2-session":[10],"online":[11,25],"study":[12,17],"(which":[13],"paralleled":[14],"U.S.":[16,99],"before":[18],"2012":[20],"presidential":[21],"election).":[22],"They":[23],"browsed":[24],"search":[26,56],"results":[27,57],"pertaining":[28],"to":[29],"4":[30,41],"political":[31],"issues":[32],"while":[33],"selective":[34],"exposure":[35,87,92],"was":[36],"unobtrusively":[37],"measured.":[38],"In":[39],"\u00d7":[42,44,47,50],"2":[43,45],"(topic":[46],"issue":[48,60],"stance":[49],"source":[51],"credibility)":[52],"within-subjects":[53],"design,":[54],"indicated":[58],"either":[59],"support":[61],"or":[62,67],"opposition,":[63],"associated":[64],"with":[65,97],"low-":[66],"high-credibility":[68],"sources.":[69],"Hypotheses":[70],"were":[71],"derived":[72],"from":[73],"cognitive":[74],"dissonance,":[75],"approach-avoidance,":[76],"and":[77],"motivated":[78],"cognition":[79],"models.":[80],"Findings":[81],"yielded":[82],"confirmation":[84,104],"bias.":[85],"Attitude-consistent":[86],"uniformly":[88,93],"reinforced":[89],"attitudes;":[90],"attitude-discrepant":[91],"weakened":[94],"attitudes.":[95],"Analyses":[96],"parallel":[98],"data":[100],"showed":[101],"stronger":[103],"bias":[105],"in":[106,111],"United":[108],"States":[109],"than":[110],"Germany.":[112]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}