{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1925019465","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/mcb.12.7.3060","title":"Genome digestion is a dispensable consequence of physiological cell death mediated by cytotoxic T lymphocytes.","display_name":"Genome digestion is a dispensable consequence of physiological cell death mediated by cytotoxic T lymphocytes.","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1925019465","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/mcb.12.7.3060","mag":"1925019465","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1620115","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/364520"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1128/mcb.12.7.3060","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/mcb.12.7.3060","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/mcb.12.7.3060","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S81455967","display_name":"Molecular and Cellular Biology","issn_l":"0270-7306","issn":["0270-7306","1067-8824","1098-5549"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Molecular and Cellular Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/364520","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070776223","display_name":"David S. Ucker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1929-8084","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1929-8084"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1307098950","display_name":"Salk Institute for Biological Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/03xez1567","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1307098950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D S Ucker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Immunology and Membrane Biology, Salk Institute, La Jolla, California 92037"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Immunology and Membrane Biology, Salk Institute, La Jolla, California 92037","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1307098950"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003181218","display_name":"Patrice S. Obermiller","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1307098950","display_name":"Salk Institute for Biological Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/03xez1567","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1307098950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P S Obermiller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Immunology and Membrane Biology, Salk Institute, La Jolla, California 92037"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Immunology and Membrane Biology, Salk Institute, La Jolla, California 92037","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1307098950"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035953986","display_name":"Walter Eckhart","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1307098950","display_name":"Salk Institute for Biological Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/03xez1567","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1307098950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W Eckhart","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Immunology and Membrane Biology, Salk Institute, La Jolla, California 92037"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Immunology and Membrane Biology, Salk Institute, La Jolla, California 92037","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1307098950"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088736568","display_name":"John R. Apgar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2974-6968","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2974-6968"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1307098950","display_name":"Salk Institute for Biological Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/03xez1567","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1307098950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J R Apgar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Immunology and Membrane Biology, Salk Institute, La Jolla, California 92037"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Immunology and Membrane Biology, Salk Institute, La Jolla, California 92037","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1307098950"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037635525","display_name":"Nathan A. Berger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7086-9885","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7086-9885"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1307098950","display_name":"Salk Institute for Biological Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/03xez1567","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1307098950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N A Berger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Immunology and Membrane Biology, Salk Institute, La Jolla, California 92037"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Immunology and Membrane Biology, Salk Institute, La Jolla, California 92037","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1307098950"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058071463","display_name":"Jennifer Hartt Meyers","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1307098950","display_name":"Salk Institute for Biological Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/03xez1567","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1307098950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J Meyers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Immunology and Membrane Biology, Salk Institute, La Jolla, California 92037"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Immunology and Membrane Biology, Salk Institute, La Jolla, California 92037","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1307098950"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1307098950"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.7127,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":224,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99003286,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"7","first_page":"3060","last_page":"3069"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10294","display_name":"Cell death mechanisms and regulation","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10294","display_name":"Cell death mechanisms and regulation","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10587","display_name":"Autophagy in Disease and Therapy","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10583","display_name":"Cancer-related Molecular Pathways","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytotoxic-t-lymphocytes","display_name":"cytotoxic T lymphocytes","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programmed-cell-death","display_name":"programmed cell death","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-envelope-breakdown","display_name":"nuclear envelope breakdown","score":0.5410000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lamin-phosphorylation","display_name":"lamin phosphorylation","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poly-adp-ribose-polymerase","display_name":"poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase","score":0.9100000262260437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.8660836219787598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147969180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5014579","display_name":"CTL*","level":4,"score":0.7607714533805847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154317977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376266","display_name":"Cytotoxic T cell","level":3,"score":0.6323316097259521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81089528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5134986","display_name":"clone (Java method)","level":3,"score":0.5501558780670166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141231307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7020","display_name":"Genome","level":3,"score":0.5012156963348389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31573885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q304484","display_name":"Programmed cell death","level":3,"score":0.49384456872940063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153911025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202","display_name":"Molecular biology","level":1,"score":0.4844801127910614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1491633281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7868","display_name":"Cell","level":2,"score":0.42281484603881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.36777395009994507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552990157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430","display_name":"DNA","level":2,"score":0.3269510269165039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.2592655420303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.22126224637031555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.10548785328865051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190283241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14599311","display_name":"Apoptosis","level":2,"score":0.06771257519721985}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002478","descriptor_name":"Cells, Cultured","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003602","descriptor_name":"Cytotoxicity, Immunologic","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003850","descriptor_name":"Deoxyribonuclease I","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003850","descriptor_name":"Deoxyribonuclease I","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004247","descriptor_name":"DNA","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004247","descriptor_name":"DNA","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004789","descriptor_name":"Enzyme Activation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009685","descriptor_name":"Nuclear Envelope","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011065","descriptor_name":"Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013602","descriptor_name":"T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014170","descriptor_name":"Transformation, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014644","descriptor_name":"Genetic Variation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016923","descriptor_name":"Cell Death","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1128/mcb.12.7.3060","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/mcb.12.7.3060","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/mcb.12.7.3060","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S81455967","display_name":"Molecular and Cellular Biology","issn_l":"0270-7306","issn":["0270-7306","1067-8824","1098-5549"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Molecular and Cellular Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:364520","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/364520","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mol Cell Biol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:1620115","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1620115","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Molecular and cellular biology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:364520","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/364520","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mol Cell Biol","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.5683000087738037}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8199999928474426}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3148875445","display_name":"IGE RECEPTOR INTERACTIONS IN STIMULUS AND SECRETION","funder_award_id":"5r01gm042388-07","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6979321548","display_name":"ACTIVATION OF CELL SUICIDE IN THE IMMUNE SYSTEM","funder_award_id":"5r01gm038800-12","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310145","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W68024875","https://openalex.org/W1482074366","https://openalex.org/W1482320598","https://openalex.org/W1483243107","https://openalex.org/W1493606186","https://openalex.org/W1501551519","https://openalex.org/W1505560953","https://openalex.org/W1514575046","https://openalex.org/W1522608512","https://openalex.org/W1532539996","https://openalex.org/W1535147903","https://openalex.org/W1538692246","https://openalex.org/W1550978696","https://openalex.org/W1559184092","https://openalex.org/W1576670355","https://openalex.org/W1582882171","https://openalex.org/W1633463671","https://openalex.org/W1658137875","https://openalex.org/W1666807167","https://openalex.org/W1682264519","https://openalex.org/W1757170295","https://openalex.org/W1892554314","https://openalex.org/W1909751364","https://openalex.org/W1976133790","https://openalex.org/W1976340479","https://openalex.org/W1981510143","https://openalex.org/W1982014176","https://openalex.org/W1991605327","https://openalex.org/W1999582764","https://openalex.org/W2003481405","https://openalex.org/W2007697951","https://openalex.org/W2008900071","https://openalex.org/W2014079018","https://openalex.org/W2023419809","https://openalex.org/W2024876727","https://openalex.org/W2028546206","https://openalex.org/W2033090943","https://openalex.org/W2034401615","https://openalex.org/W2034760582","https://openalex.org/W2034796909","https://openalex.org/W2035194855","https://openalex.org/W2044142379","https://openalex.org/W2049173418","https://openalex.org/W2065634301","https://openalex.org/W2067516975","https://openalex.org/W2081197593","https://openalex.org/W2104534964","https://openalex.org/W2128635872","https://openalex.org/W2129207936","https://openalex.org/W2132915524","https://openalex.org/W2135977869","https://openalex.org/W2141260882","https://openalex.org/W2162094230","https://openalex.org/W2164576152","https://openalex.org/W2165912118","https://openalex.org/W2326468313","https://openalex.org/W2424287322","https://openalex.org/W2467946444"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4230227524","https://openalex.org/W7097141918","https://openalex.org/W2056880334","https://openalex.org/W1859520103","https://openalex.org/W1991605327","https://openalex.org/W1658137875","https://openalex.org/W1586887861","https://openalex.org/W1553276697","https://openalex.org/W1482958179","https://openalex.org/W2949396857"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"examined":[1],"virally":[2],"transformed":[3],"murine":[4],"fibroblast":[5],"clones":[6,21],"as":[7,114,139],"targets":[8],"for":[9,118,146],"cytotoxic":[10],"T":[11],"lymphocyte":[12],"(CTL)-triggered":[13],"lysis":[14],"and":[15,55,61],"genome":[16,37,72,119,131],"digestion.":[17],"Strikingly,":[18],"while":[19],"all":[20,111],"were":[22,63],"essentially":[23],"equivalent":[24],"in":[25,66,86,110],"the":[26,46,81,87,94,115,151],"ability":[27],"to":[28,35],"be":[29],"lysed,":[30],"one":[31],"clone,":[32],"SV3T3-B2.1,":[33],"failed":[34],"exhibit":[36],"digestion":[38,73,120,132],"associated":[39,74,121],"with":[40,75,80,122],"CTL":[41],"attack.":[42],"Other":[43],"aspects":[44],"of":[45,53,71,83,89,93,103,141,153],"physiological":[47],"cell":[48,77,112,124,147,155],"death":[49,78,148],"process,":[50],"including":[51],"loss":[52],"adhesion":[54],"nuclear":[56],"envelope":[57],"breakdown":[58],"(lamin":[59],"phosphorylation":[60],"solubilization),":[62],"not":[64],"altered":[65],"this":[67,154],"clone.":[68,91],"The":[69],"absence":[70,82],"CTL-induced":[76],"correlated":[79],"endodeoxyribonuclease":[84],"activity":[85,95],"nuclei":[88],"that":[90,129],"Characterization":[92],"affected":[96],"identifies":[97],"a":[98],"calcium-dependent,":[99],"DNase":[100],"I-like":[101],"endonuclease":[102],"approximately":[104],"40":[105],"kDa,":[106],"normally":[107],"present":[108],"constitutively":[109],"nuclei,":[113],"enzyme":[116],"responsible":[117],"CTL-mediated":[123],"death.":[125],"These":[126],"observations":[127],"indicate":[128],"neither":[130],"per":[133],"se":[134],"nor":[135],"its":[136],"consequences":[137],"[such":[138],"activation":[140],"poly(ADP-ribose)":[142],"polymerase]":[143],"are":[144],"essential":[145],"resulting":[149],"from":[150],"triggering":[152],"suicide":[156],"process.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}