{"id":"https://openalex.org/W192322762","doi":null,"title":"Machine learning of heuristics","display_name":"Machine learning of heuristics","publication_year":1969,"publication_date":"1969-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W192322762","mag":"192322762"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:192322762","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=905207","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034348363","display_name":"DONALD A. WATERMAN","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"D. A. Waterman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034348363"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.929,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81604426,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.0038999998942017555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13904","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence Applications","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic-learning","display_name":"heuristic learning","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/production-rules","display_name":"production rules","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypothesis-generation","display_name":"hypothesis generation","score":0.5740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/problem-solving","display_name":"problem solving","score":0.7739999890327454}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.9305914640426636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6489733457565308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6048548817634583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5902382135391235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5589033365249634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.5508027672767639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.47839653491973877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4416007995605469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117270229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5957539","display_name":"Hyper-heuristic","level":5,"score":0.4218311607837677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.07292550802230835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.07161775231361389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188888258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353390","display_name":"Robot learning","level":4,"score":0.06752559542655945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:192322762","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=905207","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W145832685","https://openalex.org/W205043379","https://openalex.org/W1521828310","https://openalex.org/W1923807516","https://openalex.org/W1970001627","https://openalex.org/W1977420943","https://openalex.org/W1982939827","https://openalex.org/W1989977949","https://openalex.org/W2000603452","https://openalex.org/W2008353316","https://openalex.org/W2020794409","https://openalex.org/W2028125713","https://openalex.org/W2040713190","https://openalex.org/W2040870580","https://openalex.org/W2052352158","https://openalex.org/W2100738443","https://openalex.org/W2106123674","https://openalex.org/W2119409989","https://openalex.org/W2124141583","https://openalex.org/W2129083270","https://openalex.org/W2139090598","https://openalex.org/W2145482038","https://openalex.org/W2161608691","https://openalex.org/W2165234017","https://openalex.org/W2441059602","https://openalex.org/W3023348153","https://openalex.org/W3095856083","https://openalex.org/W3198350258"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2053253502","https://openalex.org/W2082551242","https://openalex.org/W7095067763","https://openalex.org/W68718114","https://openalex.org/W2040277542","https://openalex.org/W134465475","https://openalex.org/W2761217382","https://openalex.org/W1667012816","https://openalex.org/W2184655476","https://openalex.org/W2404719482"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],":":[1],"First,":[2],"a":[3,64,91,161,188,203],"method":[4],"of":[5,17,30,40,52,112,116,123,152,174,187,208],"representing":[6],"heuristics":[7,19,32,68,84,209],"as":[8],"production":[9,70,194],"rules":[10,195],"is":[11,43,165],"developed":[12,61],"which":[13,62],"facilitates":[14],"dynamic":[15],"manipulation":[16],"the":[18,21,31,34,50,56,101,110,150,154,172,176,185],"by":[20,79,167],"program":[22,35,66,98],"embodying":[23],"them.":[24],"This":[25,182],"representation":[26,103,156],"technique":[27],"permits":[28],"separation":[29],"from":[33,55],"proper,":[36],"provides":[37],"clear":[38],"identification":[39],"individual":[41],"heuristics,":[42],"compatible":[44],"with":[45],"generalization":[46],"schemes,":[47],"and":[48,81,85,104,118,132,147,157,205],"expedites":[49],"process":[51,94],"obtaining":[53],"decisions":[54],"system.":[57],"Second,":[58],"procedures":[59],"are":[60,107,130,144,199],"permit":[63],"problem-solving":[65,128,163],"employing":[67],"in":[69,109,127,134,160,179],"rule":[71],"form":[72],"to":[73,75,171,201],"learn":[74],"improve":[76],"its":[77],"performance":[78],"evaluating":[80],"modifying":[82],"existing":[83,113],"hypothesizing":[86],"new":[87],"ones,":[88],"either":[89],"during":[90,96],"special":[92],"training":[93,197],"or":[95,196],"normal":[97],"operation.":[99],"Third,":[100],"abovementioned":[102],"learning":[105,126,158],"techniques":[106,159,170],"reformulated":[108],"light":[111],"stimulus-response":[114],"theories":[115],"learning,":[117],"five":[119],"different":[120],"S-R":[121],"models":[122,143],"human":[124],"heuristic":[125],"environments":[129],"constructed":[131],"examined":[133],"detail.":[135],"Experimental":[136],"designs":[137],"for":[138,210],"testing":[139],"these":[140,169],"information":[141],"processing":[142],"also":[145],"proposed":[146],"discussed.":[148],"Finally,":[149],"feasibility":[151],"using":[153],"aforementioned":[155],"complex":[162],"situation":[164],"demonstrated":[166],"applying":[168],"problem":[173],"making":[175],"bet":[177],"decision":[178],"draw":[180,211],"poker.":[181,212],"application,":[183],"involving":[184],"construction":[186],"computer":[189],"program,":[190],"demonstrates":[191],"that":[192],"few":[193],"trials":[198],"needed":[200],"produce":[202],"thorough":[204],"effective":[206],"set":[207]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
