{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1922449073","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.7.2.231-236.1973","title":"Growth of Cryptococcus neoformans Within Human Macrophages In Vitro","display_name":"Growth of Cryptococcus neoformans Within Human Macrophages In Vitro","publication_year":1973,"publication_date":"1973-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1922449073","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.7.2.231-236.1973","mag":"1922449073","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4697791","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/422665"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1128/iai.7.2.231-236.1973","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.7.2.231-236.1973","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.7.2.231-236.1973","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S128227336","display_name":"Infection and Immunity","issn_l":"0019-9567","issn":["0019-9567","1070-6313","1098-5522"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320263","host_organization_name":"American Society for Microbiology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320263"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society for Microbiology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Infection and Immunity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/422665","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108502875","display_name":"Richard D. Diamond","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134534","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard D. Diamond","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20014"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20014","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075884909","display_name":"John E. Bennett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1257-098X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1257-098X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134534","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John E. Bennett","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20014"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20014","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.0178,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":150,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97245253,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"2","first_page":"231","last_page":"236"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11037","display_name":"Fungal Infections and Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11037","display_name":"Fungal Infections and Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10150","display_name":"Antifungal resistance and susceptibility","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11916","display_name":"Legionella and Acanthamoeba research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1310","display_name":"Endocrinology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptococcus-neoformans","display_name":"Cryptococcus neoformans","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-macrophages","display_name":"human macrophages","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phagocytosis","display_name":"phagocytosis","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macrophage-activation","display_name":"macrophage activation","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monocyte-derived-macrophages","display_name":"monocyte-derived macrophages","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptococcosis","display_name":"cryptococcosis","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antifungal-immunity","display_name":"antifungal immunity","score":0.5879999995231628}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777893358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131924","display_name":"Cryptococcus neoformans","level":2,"score":0.9676494598388672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.8511346578598022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779413141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1470140","display_name":"Cryptococcosis","level":2,"score":0.7728174328804016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.7705259919166565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79879829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5571762","display_name":"Intracellular","level":2,"score":0.7624751329421997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.7014696598052979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28406088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5571762","display_name":"Extracellular","level":2,"score":0.6980187296867371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160448771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184726","display_name":"Phagocytosis","level":2,"score":0.585464358329773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779244956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184204","display_name":"Macrophage","level":3,"score":0.5474725961685181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778952914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309498","display_name":"Cryptococcus","level":2,"score":0.4504656195640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.17069125175476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.1077146828174591}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002478","descriptor_name":"Cells, Cultured","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003453","descriptor_name":"Cryptococcosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003454","descriptor_name":"Cryptococcus","qualifier_ui":"Q000254","qualifier_name":"growth & development","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008264","descriptor_name":"Macrophages","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009000","descriptor_name":"Monocytes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010587","descriptor_name":"Phagocytosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1128/iai.7.2.231-236.1973","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.7.2.231-236.1973","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.7.2.231-236.1973","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S128227336","display_name":"Infection and Immunity","issn_l":"0019-9567","issn":["0019-9567","1070-6313","1098-5522"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320263","host_organization_name":"American Society for Microbiology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320263"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society for Microbiology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Infection and Immunity","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:620713","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/422665","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:422665","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/422665","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Infect Immun","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:4697791","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4697791","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Infection and immunity","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:620713","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/422665","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W8905414","https://openalex.org/W29408125","https://openalex.org/W120153022","https://openalex.org/W126491056","https://openalex.org/W1649215946","https://openalex.org/W1775749144","https://openalex.org/W1904766181","https://openalex.org/W1991830969","https://openalex.org/W2013340592","https://openalex.org/W2061438794","https://openalex.org/W2095134387","https://openalex.org/W2147013754","https://openalex.org/W2225129965","https://openalex.org/W2272194930","https://openalex.org/W2313270174","https://openalex.org/W2401778246","https://openalex.org/W4313316264"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1572407579","https://openalex.org/W2158440928","https://openalex.org/W301790194","https://openalex.org/W2413419088","https://openalex.org/W2086556574","https://openalex.org/W2165944004","https://openalex.org/W831456322","https://openalex.org/W1572614984","https://openalex.org/W1995420341","https://openalex.org/W2088403804"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Macrophages":[0,53],"cultured":[1],"from":[2,95,100],"human":[3,51],"peripheral":[4],"blood":[5],"monocytes":[6],"were":[7,17,54,89],"infected":[8],"with":[9],"Cryptococcus":[10],"neoformans":[11,16],"in":[12,46],"vitro.":[13],"Although":[14],"C.":[15,86],"actively":[18],"ingested,":[19],"there":[20],"was":[21],"no":[22,90],"detectable":[23,91],"intracellular":[24,33,83],"killing":[25],"by":[26,65],"macrophages.":[27],"Over":[28],"2":[29],"days":[30],"or":[31,81],"more,":[32],"fungi":[34],"grew":[35],"more":[36],"rapidly":[37],"than":[38],"a":[39],"corresponding":[40],"inoculum":[41],"of":[42,85],"extracellular":[43],"cryptococci":[44],"growing":[45],"tissue":[47],"culture":[48],"medium":[49],"containing":[50],"serum.":[52],"induced":[55],"to":[56,62,79],"develop":[57],"into":[58],"cells":[59,73],"which":[60],"appeared":[61],"be":[63],"activated":[64,72],"morphological":[66],"and":[67,98],"phagocytic":[68],"criteria.":[69],"However,":[70],"these":[71],"did":[74],"not":[75],"acquire":[76],"an":[77],"ability":[78],"kill":[80],"inhibit":[82],"growth":[84],"neoformans.":[87],"There":[88],"differences":[92],"between":[93],"macrophages":[94],"normal":[96],"subjects":[97],"those":[99],"cryptococcosis":[101],"patients.":[102]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
