{"id":"https://openalex.org/W192202107","doi":null,"title":"Prevalence and correlates of hepatitis C virus infection among inmates entering the California correctional system.","display_name":"Prevalence and correlates of hepatitis C virus infection among inmates entering the California correctional system.","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W192202107","mag":"192202107","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10214102","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1305533"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:196927","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1305533","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1305533","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103366788","display_name":"Juan D. Ruiz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6488-806X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6488-806X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291847170","display_name":"California Health and Human Services Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03q5mqx63","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291847170"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J D Ruiz","raw_affiliation_strings":["California Department of Health Services, Office of AIDS, Sacramento 95814, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California Department of Health Services, Office of AIDS, Sacramento 95814, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291847170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012790309","display_name":"Fred Molitor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7871-9064","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7871-9064"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F Molitor","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113653381","display_name":"Richard K. P. Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1744-6768","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1744-6768"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R K Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089721611","display_name":"John Mikanda","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J Mikanda","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109889027","display_name":"Mathew Facer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M Facer","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044934375","display_name":"John M. Colford","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3288-6956","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3288-6956"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J M Colford","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068824209","display_name":"G W Rutherford","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G W Rutherford","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112834869","display_name":"Michael S. Ascher","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M S Ascher","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4135,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":88,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8844689,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"170","issue":"3","first_page":"156","last_page":"60"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10151","display_name":"Hepatitis C virus research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10151","display_name":"Hepatitis C virus research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10318","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11860","display_name":"HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hepatitis-c-virus","display_name":"hepatitis C virus","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hcv-seroprevalence","display_name":"HCV seroprevalence","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prisoners","display_name":"prisoners","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctional-populations","display_name":"correctional populations","score":0.5009999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-infection","display_name":"HIV infection","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hepatitis-b","display_name":"hepatitis B","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hepatitis-b-surface-antigen","display_name":"hepatitis B surface antigen","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hepatitis-b-core-antibody","display_name":"hepatitis B core antibody","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/race-and-ethnicity","display_name":"race and ethnicity","score":0.6520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hispanic-women","display_name":"Hispanic women","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-risk-behaviors","display_name":"high-risk behaviors","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/california-department-of-corrections","display_name":"California Department of Corrections","score":0.7680000066757202}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777410769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2282887","display_name":"HBsAg","level":4,"score":0.832810640335083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7962371110916138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778494684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511357","display_name":"Seroprevalence","level":4,"score":0.7703529596328735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780656516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40357","display_name":"Prison","level":2,"score":0.6061856746673584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776408679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q708693","display_name":"Hepatitis C virus","level":3,"score":0.5485827922821045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776455275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154869","display_name":"Hepatitis C","level":2,"score":0.5336951017379761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.521446168422699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3013748606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15787","display_name":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","level":2,"score":0.5179606676101685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.4999713897705078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780593183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6844","display_name":"Hepatitis B virus","level":3,"score":0.4979252815246582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6853","display_name":"Hepatitis B","level":2,"score":0.43644821643829346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.34508395195007324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.328268826007843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.32820767164230347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522874641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808","display_name":"Virus","level":2,"score":0.29054921865463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159654299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460","display_name":"Antibody","level":2,"score":0.28811216354370117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45189115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q502159","display_name":"Serology","level":3,"score":0.14440304040908813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.06321629881858826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002140","descriptor_name":"California","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006526","descriptor_name":"Hepatitis C","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011329","descriptor_name":"Prisoners","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015995","descriptor_name":"Prevalence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:196927","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1305533","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1305533","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1305533","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"West J Med","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:10214102","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10214102","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Western journal of medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:192202107","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10214102","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:196927","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1305533","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W39432111","https://openalex.org/W1963598722","https://openalex.org/W1972720578","https://openalex.org/W1991378085","https://openalex.org/W2006309458","https://openalex.org/W2029447838","https://openalex.org/W2033664360","https://openalex.org/W2044842162","https://openalex.org/W2077391134","https://openalex.org/W2084344186","https://openalex.org/W2088053309","https://openalex.org/W2116909500","https://openalex.org/W2122064469","https://openalex.org/W2124352443","https://openalex.org/W2150482242","https://openalex.org/W2157334129","https://openalex.org/W2163716477","https://openalex.org/W2328171401","https://openalex.org/W2412788392","https://openalex.org/W2416118897","https://openalex.org/W2437864828"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2078881178","https://openalex.org/W2117534340","https://openalex.org/W1977065448","https://openalex.org/W2116782728","https://openalex.org/W2326321929","https://openalex.org/W2569533641","https://openalex.org/W2044923938","https://openalex.org/W2312232282","https://openalex.org/W2107209340","https://openalex.org/W6987171354"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"estimate":[1],"the":[2,28,88,151],"prevalence":[3,89,141],"and":[4,49,64,104,108,113,127,145],"predictors":[5],"of":[6,27,31,134,142,148],"hepatitis":[7,46,50],"C":[8],"virus":[9,43],"(HCV)":[10],"infection":[11,121],"among":[12,21,79,92,124],"inmates,":[13,70,84],"a":[14],"cross-sectional":[15],"survey":[16],"was":[17,90],"conducted":[18],"in":[19,58],"1994":[20],"inmates":[22,57,136,156],"entering":[23,129],"six":[24],"reception":[25],"centers":[26],"California":[29],"Department":[30],"Corrections.":[32],"Discarded":[33],"serum":[34],"samples":[35],"were":[36,62,66,72,77,86,100],"tested":[37],"for":[38,98,102,106,109],"antibodies":[39],"to":[40,150,153],"human":[41],"immunodeficiency":[42],"(HIV),":[44],"HCV,":[45],"B":[47,51],"core,":[48],"surface":[52],"antigen":[53],"(HBsAg).":[54],"Of":[55],"4,513":[56],"this":[59],"study,":[60],"87.0%":[61],"men":[63,103,126],"13.0%":[65],"women.":[67],"Among":[68,82],"male":[69],"39.4%":[71],"anti-HCV-positive;":[73,87],"by":[74],"race/ethnicity,":[75],"prevalences":[76],"highest":[78,91],"whites":[80],"(49.1%).":[81],"female":[83],"53.5%":[85],"Latinas":[93],"(69.7%).":[94],"In":[95],"addition,":[96],"rates":[97],"HIV":[99],"2.5%":[101],"3.1%":[105],"women;":[107],"HBsAg,":[110],"2.2%":[111],"(men)":[112],"1.2%":[114],"(women).":[115],"These":[116],"data":[117],"indicate":[118],"that":[119],"HCV":[120],"is":[122],"common":[123],"both":[125],"women":[128],"prison.":[130],"The":[131],"high":[132],"seroprevalence":[133],"anti-HCV-positive":[135],"may":[137],"reflect":[138],"an":[139],"increased":[140],"high-risk":[143],"behaviors":[144],"should":[146],"be":[147,158],"concern":[149],"communities":[152],"which":[154],"these":[155],"will":[157],"released.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}