{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1919656532","doi":null,"title":"A Scalable Set of ESL Reading Comprehension Items.","display_name":"A Scalable Set of ESL Reading Comprehension Items.","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1919656532","mag":"1919656532"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:1919656532","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED471461.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013917825","display_name":"Kyle Perkins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0184-7399","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0184-7399"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kyle Perkins","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0184-7399","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013917825"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.4587000012397766,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.4587000012397766,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.3149000108242035,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11587","display_name":"Second Language Acquisition and Learning","score":0.19910000264644623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/english-as-a-second-language","display_name":"English as a second language","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading-comprehension","display_name":"reading comprehension","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/guttman-scaling","display_name":"Guttman scaling","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toefl","display_name":"TOEFL","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-transfer","display_name":"language transfer","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psycholinguistic-processing","display_name":"psycholinguistic processing","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/question-taxonomy","display_name":"question taxonomy","score":0.4309999942779541}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18563106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487425","display_name":"Test of English as a Foreign Language","level":3,"score":0.7885721921920776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7178704142570496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6891354322433472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778780117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3269423","display_name":"Reading comprehension","level":3,"score":0.6564737558364868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.595558226108551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26022165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8091","display_name":"Grammar","level":2,"score":0.567694365978241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.567468523979187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.4767792522907257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4597250819206238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.363128662109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166007726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4536542","display_name":"Language assessment","level":2,"score":0.3335641026496887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.1710118055343628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:1919656532","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED471461.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6164000034332275,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W45769669","https://openalex.org/W64096637","https://openalex.org/W926286434","https://openalex.org/W1496972067","https://openalex.org/W1508169795","https://openalex.org/W1561338230","https://openalex.org/W1607733024","https://openalex.org/W1970798168","https://openalex.org/W2043255229","https://openalex.org/W2048354867","https://openalex.org/W2056930330","https://openalex.org/W2072875864","https://openalex.org/W2096484641","https://openalex.org/W2108836181","https://openalex.org/W2128126480","https://openalex.org/W2131547931","https://openalex.org/W2144819516","https://openalex.org/W2428390527","https://openalex.org/W2516335393"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2560590303","https://openalex.org/W3186694323","https://openalex.org/W3215765568","https://openalex.org/W2130786701","https://openalex.org/W1983113741","https://openalex.org/W1600162924","https://openalex.org/W2019046301","https://openalex.org/W1586884016","https://openalex.org/W2136193538","https://openalex.org/W4386517407"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Guttman":[0],"implicational":[1],"scaling":[2],"techniques":[3],"were":[4,21],"used":[5],"to":[6,46,60,124],"identify":[7],"a":[8,14,38],"unidimensional":[9],"set":[10,49],"of":[11,32,35,66,82,172],"English":[12,36],"as":[13,37],"Second":[15],"Language":[16,40],"reading":[17],"comprehension":[18],"items.":[19,100,117],"Data":[20],"analyzed":[22],"from":[23,77,109,164],"202":[24],"students":[25],"who":[26,44,57],"sat":[27],"for":[28,114],"an":[29],"institutional":[30],"administration":[31],"the":[33,47,61,71,78,83,98,110,116,125,141,158,165],"Test":[34],"Foreign":[39],"(TOEFL).":[41],"The":[42,64,86,101,118],"examinees":[43],"contributed":[45],"scalable":[48,62,72,87,102],"had":[50,89],"significantly":[51,75,90,108],"higher":[52],"TOEFL":[53],"scores":[54],"than":[55,97],"those":[56],"didn't":[58],"contribute":[59],"set.":[63],"distribution":[65,81,106,113],"native":[67,79],"languages":[68],"represented":[69],"in":[70,93,122],"pool":[73],"was":[74],"different":[76],"language":[80,129],"entire":[84],"sample.":[85],"items":[88],"fewer":[91],"syllables":[92],"their":[94],"question":[95,104,111],"stems":[96],"nonscalable":[99],"item":[103],"taxonomy":[105,112],"deviated":[107],"all":[115],"results":[119],"are":[120,157],"discussed":[121],"relation":[123],"Linguistic":[126],"Threshold":[127],"Hypothesis,":[128],"transfer,":[130],"capacity":[131],"constrained":[132],"comprehension,":[133],"psycholinguistic":[134],"processing":[135],"approaches,":[136],"universal":[137],"grammar-,":[138],"restructuring,":[139],"and":[140,149],"Competition":[142],"Model.":[143],"(Contains":[144],"1":[145,168],"figure,":[146],"2":[147],"tables,":[148],"41":[150],"references.)":[151],"(Author/SLD)":[152],"Reproductions":[153],"supplied":[154],"by":[155],"EDRS":[156],"best":[159],"that":[160],"can":[161],"be":[162],"made":[163],"original":[166],"document.":[167],"A":[169],"Scalable":[170],"Set":[171],"ESL":[173],"Reading":[174],"Comprehension":[175],"Items":[176]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T04:12:42.849631","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
