{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1916508326","doi":null,"title":"Trials in developing countries.","display_name":"Trials in developing countries.","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1916508326","mag":"1916508326","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9876952"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:9876952","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9876952","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asian Pacific journal of allergy and immunology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082394574","display_name":"Praphan Phanuphak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8669-1847","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8669-1847"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158708052","display_name":"Chulalongkorn University","ror":"https://ror.org/028wp3y58","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158708052"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"P Phanuphak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158708052"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082394574"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158708052"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"2-3","first_page":"137","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10582","display_name":"Ethics in Clinical Research","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10582","display_name":"Ethics in Clinical Research","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13417","display_name":"Biomedical Ethics and Regulation","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2910","display_name":"Issues, ethics and legal aspects"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13147","display_name":"Ethics and bioethics in healthcare","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-trials","display_name":"clinical trials","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developing-countries","display_name":"developing countries","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-ethics","display_name":"research ethics","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-research-collaboration","display_name":"international research collaboration","score":0.46700000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protection-of-research-participants","display_name":"research participant protection","score":0.593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/informed-consent","display_name":"informed consent","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regulatory-agencies","display_name":"regulatory agencies","score":0.49000000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trial-sponsors","display_name":"trial sponsors","score":0.33899998664855957}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.526328980922699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5195732116699219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5055661201477051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.49300095438957214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.47888439893722534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.43297091126441956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.3602716326713562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.33513322472572327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.31263023614883423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2790529131889343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.19317886233329773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12665683031082153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000163","descriptor_name":"Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003906","descriptor_name":"Developing Countries","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004992","descriptor_name":"Ethics, Medical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010919","descriptor_name":"Placebos","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018849","descriptor_name":"Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018849","descriptor_name":"Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018849","descriptor_name":"Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:9876952","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9876952","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asian Pacific journal of allergy and immunology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:1916508326","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9876952","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.5217000246047974,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.428600013256073,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973698029","https://openalex.org/W1985154350","https://openalex.org/W2282853564","https://openalex.org/W2461798792"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2249453444","https://openalex.org/W2004024161","https://openalex.org/W2907387863","https://openalex.org/W7079006412","https://openalex.org/W4300849606","https://openalex.org/W2065625460","https://openalex.org/W17682384","https://openalex.org/W2090146156","https://openalex.org/W6988050672","https://openalex.org/W1571260751"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Good":[0],"clinical":[1],"trials":[2,16],"can":[3,31],"be":[4,32],"carried":[5],"out":[6,47],"in":[7,120],"the":[8,15,48,54,66,68,71,74,77],"developing":[9],"countries":[10],"but":[11,30],"ethical":[12,78],"issues":[13],"concerning":[14],"are":[17],"frequently":[18],"brought":[19],"up":[20],"for":[21],"international":[22],"debate.":[23],"The":[24],"concern":[25],"has":[26],"its":[27],"own":[28,104],"merit":[29],"amended":[33],"if":[34],"investigators":[35],"(local":[36],"and":[37,45,70,89,99,107,109],"international)":[38],"pay":[39],"serious":[40],"attention":[41],"to":[42,113,122],"these":[43],"criticisms":[44],"work":[46],"way":[49],"that":[50],"will":[51],"most":[52],"benefit":[53,72,123],"trial":[55],"participants.":[56],"Although":[57],"scientific":[58],"progress":[59],"is":[60,80],"important,":[61],"it":[62,88],"must":[63],"come":[64],"after":[65],"rights,":[67],"safety":[69],"of":[73,118],"patients.":[75],"Frequently,":[76],"standard":[79],"delicately":[81],"balanced,":[82],"depending":[83],"on":[84],"who":[85],"looks":[86],"at":[87],"from":[90],"what":[91],"angles":[92],"they":[93,111],"look.":[94],"Critics,":[95],"investigators,":[96],"volunteers,":[97],"sponsors":[98],"regulatory":[100],"agencies":[101],"have":[102],"their":[103],"mandates,":[105],"expectations":[106],"limitations,":[108],"thus":[110],"need":[112],"keep":[114],"an":[115],"open":[116],"line":[117],"communication":[119],"order":[121],"all":[124],"parties":[125],"involved.":[126]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}