{"id":"https://openalex.org/W191413725","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.1984.51.1.16","title":"Columnar organization of directionally selective cells in visual area MT of the macaque","display_name":"Columnar organization of directionally selective cells in visual area MT of the macaque","publication_year":1984,"publication_date":"1984-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W191413725","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.1984.51.1.16","mag":"191413725","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6693933"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1152/jn.1984.51.1.16","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.1984.51.1.16","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.1984.51.1.16","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142952003","display_name":"Journal of Neurophysiology","issn_l":"0022-3077","issn":["0022-3077","1522-1598"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320155","host_organization_name":"American Physiological Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320155"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physiological Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Neurophysiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083326500","display_name":"Thomas David Albright","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0691-5992","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0691-5992"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. D. Albright","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081911616","display_name":"Robert Desimone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5938-4227","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5938-4227"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Desimone","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111758108","display_name":"Charles G. Gross","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. G. Gross","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.4783,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":556,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98021412,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"51","issue":"1","first_page":"16","last_page":"31"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10982","display_name":"Motor Control and Adaptation","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12032","display_name":"Multisensory perception and integration","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direction-selectivity","display_name":"direction selectivity","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/columnar-organization","display_name":"columnar organization","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vertical-columns","display_name":"vertical columns","score":0.5},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macaque-cortex","display_name":"macaque cortex","score":0.5490000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-unit-recording","display_name":"single-unit recording","score":0.6309999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion-processing","display_name":"motion processing","score":0.3799999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779918689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3771842","display_name":"Stimulus (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.777615487575531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778950215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177601","display_name":"Macaque","level":2,"score":0.7549018859863281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19071747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755207","display_name":"Receptive field","level":2,"score":0.6788111925125122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4768068492412567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.4680119752883911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.4588490128517151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48575856","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852504","display_name":"Motion perception","level":3,"score":0.4380103647708893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779345533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75785","display_name":"Visual cortex","level":2,"score":0.42531245946884155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3919612765312195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2868410646915436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.23817190527915955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001931","descriptor_name":"Brain Mapping","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003118","descriptor_name":"Color Perception","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005074","descriptor_name":"Evoked Potentials, Visual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005556","descriptor_name":"Form Perception","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008252","descriptor_name":"Macaca fascicularis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009039","descriptor_name":"Motion Perception","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009949","descriptor_name":"Orientation","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014793","descriptor_name":"Visual Cortex","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014795","descriptor_name":"Visual Pathways","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014796","descriptor_name":"Visual Perception","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1152/jn.1984.51.1.16","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.1984.51.1.16","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.1984.51.1.16","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142952003","display_name":"Journal of Neurophysiology","issn_l":"0022-3077","issn":["0022-3077","1522-1598"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320155","host_organization_name":"American Physiological Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320155"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physiological Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Neurophysiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:6693933","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6693933","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of neurophysiology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1278754391","https://openalex.org/W1970941552","https://openalex.org/W1972281691","https://openalex.org/W1978052431","https://openalex.org/W1990252106","https://openalex.org/W2000038982","https://openalex.org/W2027914108","https://openalex.org/W2045133569","https://openalex.org/W2047496335","https://openalex.org/W2065735009","https://openalex.org/W2070506500","https://openalex.org/W2071541156","https://openalex.org/W2117731089","https://openalex.org/W2135238780","https://openalex.org/W2240908316","https://openalex.org/W2406453063"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1837967720","https://openalex.org/W2153949134","https://openalex.org/W7097812612","https://openalex.org/W2276275738","https://openalex.org/W2125161674","https://openalex.org/W1969147780","https://openalex.org/W1934341223","https://openalex.org/W3035293727","https://openalex.org/W2187827657","https://openalex.org/W2196152555"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"recorded":[1],"from":[2],"single":[3,314],"neurons":[4,35,85],"in":[5,12,118,229,240,246,265,298,309,321,342],"visual":[6],"area":[7,247],"MT":[8,34,84,343],"of":[9,19,50,59,94,106,130,140,145,169,171,175,177,182,196,198,210,212,215,224,234,243,251,259,261,268,281,292,316,329,338,347,356],"the":[10,16,51,67,73,81,92,119,180,183,194,241,332,335,350,353],"macaque":[11,322],"order":[13],"to":[14,41,45,54,97,103,111,126,137,238],"examine":[15],"spatial":[17],"distribution":[18],"its":[20],"directionally":[21],"selective":[22],"cells.":[23],"The":[24,142,173,249],"animals":[25],"were":[26,57,86],"paralyzed":[27],"and":[28,76,132,208,279,301],"anesthetized":[29],"with":[30,114,220,288,303],"nitrous":[31],"oxide.":[32],"All":[33],"(n":[36],"=":[37],"614)":[38],"responded":[39,101,109,123,134],"better":[40],"moving":[42,55,98],"stimuli":[43,56],"than":[44,193],"stationary":[46],"stimuli.":[47],"For":[48,66],"55%":[49],"neurons,":[52],"responses":[53],"independent":[58],"stimulus":[60,70,188,339,357],"color,":[61],"shape,":[62],"length,":[63],"or":[64,157],"orientation.":[65],"remaining":[68],"cells,":[69],"length":[71],"affected":[72],"response":[74,117],"magnitude":[75],"tuning":[77],"bandwidth":[78],"but":[79],"not":[80],"preferred":[82,213],"direction.":[83],"divided":[87],"into":[88],"four":[89],"categories":[90],"on":[91,149],"basis":[93],"their":[95],"sensitivity":[96],"stimuli:":[99],"60%":[100],"exclusively":[102],"one":[104,112],"direction":[105,113,143,170,197,291,305],"motion,":[107,131,178,216],"24%":[108],"best":[110],"a":[115,150,166,187,202,221,273,289,313],"weaker":[116],"opposite":[120,128,304],"direction,":[121],"8%":[122,133],"equally":[124,135],"well":[125,136],"two":[127],"directions":[129,139],"all":[138],"motion.":[141,172,199,358],"preferences":[144,306],"successively":[146],"sampled":[147],"cells":[148,219,287,302],"penetration":[151,206,277],"either":[152],"changed":[153],"by":[154,159],"small":[155],"increments":[156],"occasionally":[158],"approximately":[160,326,344],"180":[161,257,282],"degrees.":[162],"Thus,":[163],"there":[164],"is":[165,190,254],"systematic":[167,203,274],"representation":[168,174,195],"axis":[176,214,223,233,260,315],"i.e.,":[179],"orientation":[181],"path":[184],"along":[185],"which":[186],"moves,":[189],"more":[191],"continuous":[192,244],"There":[200,270],"was":[201,271],"relationship":[204,275],"between":[205,276],"angle":[207,278],"rate":[209],"change":[211],"indicating":[217,285],"that":[218,256,286],"similar":[222,290],"motion":[225,235,262,293,317],"preference":[226,294],"are":[227,263,295,307],"arranged":[228],"vertical":[230,299],"columns.":[231],"Furthermore,":[232],"columns":[236,300,311],"appear":[237],"exist":[239],"form":[242],"slabs":[245,253],"MT.":[248],"size":[250],"these":[252],"such":[255],"degrees":[258,283],"represented":[264],"400-500":[266],"micron":[267,328,346],"cortex.":[269],"also":[272,296],"frequency":[280],"reversals,":[284],"organized":[297],"located":[308],"adjacent":[310],"within":[312],"column.":[318],"Just":[319],"as":[320],"striate":[323],"cortex":[324,330,348],"where":[325],"500":[327,345],"contain":[331,349],"mechanism":[333,351],"for":[334,352],"local":[336,354],"analysis":[337,355],"orientation,":[340],"so":[341]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":18}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}