{"id":"https://openalex.org/W19108158","doi":null,"title":"Image analysis for the diagnosis of MR images of the lumbar spine","display_name":"Image analysis for the diagnosis of MR images of the lumbar spine","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-05-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W19108158","mag":"19108158"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:1317776","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1317776/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Doctoral thesis, UCL (University College London).","raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083659252","display_name":"Sofia K. Michopoulou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1974-8388","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1974-8388"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sofia Michopoulou","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1974-8388","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083659252"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14510","display_name":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","score":0.926800012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14510","display_name":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","score":0.926800012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10238","display_name":"Spine and Intervertebral Disc Pathology","score":0.05090000107884407,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.01769999973475933,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intervertebral-disc-degeneration","display_name":"intervertebral disc degeneration","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lumbar-spine-mri","display_name":"lumbar spine MRI","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-aided-diagnosis","display_name":"computer-aided diagnosis","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-clustering","display_name":"fuzzy clustering","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/texture-features","display_name":"texture features","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shape-features","display_name":"shape features","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/t2-weighted-mri","display_name":"T2-weighted MRI","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intensity-inhomogeneity","display_name":"intensity inhomogeneity","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observer-variability","display_name":"observer variability","score":0.5059999823570251}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6975865960121155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.646324634552002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777755357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q502781","display_name":"Intervertebral disc","level":2,"score":0.5550181269645691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5476634502410889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143409427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161238","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.48652878403663635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777286243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5591926","display_name":"Grading (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4602159261703491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.45517000555992126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779549770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122413","display_name":"Computer-aided diagnosis","level":2,"score":0.43578240275382996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4353542923927307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.3035106360912323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2795635461807251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08681100606918335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:1317776","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1317776/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Doctoral thesis, UCL (University College London).","raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"mag:19108158","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1317776/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306508231","display_name":"Doctoral thesis, UCL (University College London).","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Doctoral thesis, UCL (University College London).","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9074000120162964,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":169,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W18096758","https://openalex.org/W76364677","https://openalex.org/W118151692","https://openalex.org/W125181190","https://openalex.org/W140092586","https://openalex.org/W145358992","https://openalex.org/W156582672","https://openalex.org/W300344384","https://openalex.org/W561791173","https://openalex.org/W794653133","https://openalex.org/W958108404","https://openalex.org/W967012230","https://openalex.org/W1491669110","https://openalex.org/W1526436178","https://openalex.org/W1526848747","https://openalex.org/W1544472284","https://openalex.org/W1555148682","https://openalex.org/W1556293592","https://openalex.org/W1562347861","https://openalex.org/W1586495399","https://openalex.org/W1591001867","https://openalex.org/W1604029912","https://openalex.org/W1607862065","https://openalex.org/W1785507166","https://openalex.org/W1851202479","https://openalex.org/W1963623641","https://openalex.org/W1963856288","https://openalex.org/W1963984891","https://openalex.org/W1966188170","https://openalex.org/W1966705856","https://openalex.org/W1966923500","https://openalex.org/W1967274982","https://openalex.org/W1968114652","https://openalex.org/W1972544340","https://openalex.org/W1972736806","https://openalex.org/W1977738564","https://openalex.org/W1978627835","https://openalex.org/W1988735239","https://openalex.org/W1989077880","https://openalex.org/W1992117398","https://openalex.org/W1995184571","https://openalex.org/W1995450389","https://openalex.org/W1996236285","https://openalex.org/W1997644281","https://openalex.org/W1998563019","https://openalex.org/W2001619748","https://openalex.org/W2002844845","https://openalex.org/W2003304826","https://openalex.org/W2004497761","https://openalex.org/W2005992530","https://openalex.org/W2007915493","https://openalex.org/W2010306202","https://openalex.org/W2011797901","https://openalex.org/W2015513598","https://openalex.org/W2017036902","https://openalex.org/W2017625521","https://openalex.org/W2020775698","https://openalex.org/W2023557439","https://openalex.org/W2027451143","https://openalex.org/W2028412825","https://openalex.org/W2032942824","https://openalex.org/W2033198305","https://openalex.org/W2033568227","https://openalex.org/W2034422056","https://openalex.org/W2036458679","https://openalex.org/W2043208142","https://openalex.org/W2044465660","https://openalex.org/W2048442741","https://openalex.org/W2048561164","https://openalex.org/W2054742620","https://openalex.org/W2055705583","https://openalex.org/W2058642058","https://openalex.org/W2059432853","https://openalex.org/W2067136649","https://openalex.org/W2068786398","https://openalex.org/W2069342642","https://openalex.org/W2070176794","https://openalex.org/W2071131529","https://openalex.org/W2072231553","https://openalex.org/W2073141130","https://openalex.org/W2074911873","https://openalex.org/W2076236170","https://openalex.org/W2080852424","https://openalex.org/W2081050863","https://openalex.org/W2084191142","https://openalex.org/W2087178903","https://openalex.org/W2093957996","https://openalex.org/W2095897380","https://openalex.org/W2095994519","https://openalex.org/W2096188125","https://openalex.org/W2099290282","https://openalex.org/W2101073067","https://openalex.org/W2102734513","https://openalex.org/W2103137694","https://openalex.org/W2103585815","https://openalex.org/W2104095591","https://openalex.org/W2106655863","https://openalex.org/W2106755981","https://openalex.org/W2106951458","https://openalex.org/W2107871413","https://openalex.org/W2108707886","https://openalex.org/W2109876342","https://openalex.org/W2111381594","https://openalex.org/W2111608210","https://openalex.org/W2112063803","https://openalex.org/W2112267127","https://openalex.org/W2112465591","https://openalex.org/W2113622874","https://openalex.org/W2113769434","https://openalex.org/W2115774529","https://openalex.org/W2116064956","https://openalex.org/W2117530999","https://openalex.org/W2118386984","https://openalex.org/W2118891573","https://openalex.org/W2119077877","https://openalex.org/W2121063519","https://openalex.org/W2122621634","https://openalex.org/W2128431867","https://openalex.org/W2130695501","https://openalex.org/W2132549764","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2133839446","https://openalex.org/W2136377548","https://openalex.org/W2137063708","https://openalex.org/W2137570937","https://openalex.org/W2140884579","https://openalex.org/W2141619730","https://openalex.org/W2143781397","https://openalex.org/W2145283065","https://openalex.org/W2145375470","https://openalex.org/W2145722594","https://openalex.org/W2145803225","https://openalex.org/W2146849372","https://openalex.org/W2149128484","https://openalex.org/W2151228584","https://openalex.org/W2152983876","https://openalex.org/W2153327507","https://openalex.org/W2154434563","https://openalex.org/W2156061276","https://openalex.org/W2157117929","https://openalex.org/W2157848968","https://openalex.org/W2158698691","https://openalex.org/W2159498975","https://openalex.org/W2161912327","https://openalex.org/W2162618348","https://openalex.org/W2163363072","https://openalex.org/W2164777277","https://openalex.org/W2165759407","https://openalex.org/W2168965339","https://openalex.org/W2169554323","https://openalex.org/W2170051899","https://openalex.org/W2170590026","https://openalex.org/W2175213056","https://openalex.org/W2234414217","https://openalex.org/W2257176474","https://openalex.org/W2315554905","https://openalex.org/W2338278742","https://openalex.org/W2430977771","https://openalex.org/W2461902836","https://openalex.org/W2526221159","https://openalex.org/W2531792409","https://openalex.org/W2611684114","https://openalex.org/W2725859575","https://openalex.org/W2799061466","https://openalex.org/W2911849323","https://openalex.org/W2981960515","https://openalex.org/W2987669215","https://openalex.org/W3100816363","https://openalex.org/W4244588529"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2111381594","https://openalex.org/W2052489461","https://openalex.org/W229983743","https://openalex.org/W2006104019","https://openalex.org/W2125886914","https://openalex.org/W4385562401","https://openalex.org/W2555875236","https://openalex.org/W1991460447","https://openalex.org/W2321362968","https://openalex.org/W1537832901"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Intervertebral":[0],"disc":[1,33,45,54,60,113,148,159,177,235,279],"degeneration":[2,61,73,114,202,247],"is":[3,16,86,207],"related":[4,189],"to":[5,88,180,190,258,274,291],"chronic":[6],"back":[7],"pain":[8],"and":[9,28,53,90,108,130,169,183,249,287,297],"functional":[10],"incapacity.":[11],"Magnetic":[12],"Resonance":[13],"Imaging":[14],"(MRI)":[15],"the":[17,32,50,78,105,158,162,165,175,187,193,230,244,250,262,282,289],"modality":[18],"of":[19,44,72,80,112,123,145,186,213,246,272,278,284],"choice":[20],"for":[21,31,59,104,156,199],"diagnosing":[22],"this":[23,84,99,197],"condition,":[24],"providing":[25],"both":[26],"morphological":[27],"biochemical":[29,184],"information":[30,198],"tissue.":[34],"In":[35,164],"clinical":[36,259,276],"practice,":[37],"grading":[38,66,85],"schemes":[39,67],"based":[40],"on":[41,209],"qualitative":[42],"descriptions":[43],"image":[46],"features":[47],"such":[48],"as":[49],"signal":[51],"intensity":[52,240],"height":[55],"are":[56,172],"commonly":[57],"used":[58],"severity":[62,74,115,203],"evaluation.":[63],"However,":[64],"these":[65,97],"have":[68],"a":[69,102,124,127,131,146,210,223,267,294],"limited":[70],"number":[71],"classes":[75],"which":[76],"impairs":[77],"detection":[79],"small":[81],"changes.":[82],"Additionally,":[83],"susceptible":[87],"inter":[89],"intra":[91],"observer":[92],"variabilities.":[93],"\\nTo":[94],"deal":[95],"with":[96,150],"issues,":[98],"study":[100],"introduces":[101],"system":[103,121,206,264],"automated":[106],"quantification":[107,128,166,245],"computer":[109,251],"aided":[110,252],"diagnosis":[111,253,277],"from":[116,161,174,216],"spine":[117],"MRI.":[118],"The":[119,205],"proposed":[120,263],"consists":[122],"segmentation":[125,136],"method,":[126],"process,":[129,167],"classification":[132,194],"scheme.":[133],"An":[134],"atlas-based":[135,231],"approach,":[137],"combining":[138],"prior":[139],"anatomical":[140],"knowledge":[141],"provided":[142],"by":[143,222],"means":[144],"probabilistic":[147],"atlas":[149],"fuzzy":[151],"clustering":[152],"techniques,":[153],"was":[154],"designed":[155],"extracting":[157],"region":[160,178],"images.":[163],"texture":[168,237],"shape":[170],"descriptors":[171,238],"calculated":[173],"segmented":[176],"aiming":[179],"capture":[181],"structural":[182],"alterations":[185],"tissue":[188],"degeneration.":[191],"Finally,":[192],"scheme":[195,254],"exploits":[196],"differentiating":[200],"between":[201],"grades.":[204],"tested":[208],"case":[211],"sample":[212],"255":[214],"discs":[215],"conventional":[217],"T2-weighted":[218],"MR":[219],"images":[220],"acquired":[221],"3":[224],"Tesla":[225],"scanner.":[226],"\\nResults":[227],"indicate":[228],"that":[229],"method":[232],"provides":[233],"accurate":[234],"segmentation,":[236],"measuring":[239],"inhomogeneity":[241],"can":[242],"serve":[243],"severity,":[248],"achieves":[255],"high":[256],"agreement":[257],"diagnosis.":[260],"\\nConcluding,":[261],"could":[265],"be":[266],"valuable":[268],"tool":[269],"in":[270,293],"hands":[271],"physicians":[273],"support":[275],"degeneration,":[280],"track":[281],"evolution":[283],"disease":[285],"progress":[286],"monitor":[288],"response":[290],"treatment":[292],"simple,":[295],"precise":[296],"repeatable":[298],"manner.":[299]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}