{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1909200858","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1996.55.48","title":"Effect of Cooking Fuels on Respiratory Diseases in Preschool Children in Lucknow, India","display_name":"Effect of Cooking Fuels on Respiratory Diseases in Preschool Children in Lucknow, India","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1909200858","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1996.55.48","mag":"1909200858","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8702022"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1996.55.48","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1996.55.48","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1996.55.48","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100045985","display_name":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issn_l":"0002-9637","issn":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315658","host_organization_name":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315658"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101511367","display_name":"Shally Awasthi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1254-9802","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1254-9802"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I280994","display_name":"King George's Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00gvw6327","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I280994"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shally Awasthi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, King George Medical College, Lucknow, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, King George Medical College, Lucknow, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I280994"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108792869","display_name":"Henry A. Glick","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Henry A. Glick","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056939569","display_name":"Robert Huntington Fletcher","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert H. Fletcher","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.928,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":59,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70269388,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"55","issue":"1","first_page":"48","last_page":"51"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11336","display_name":"Energy and Environment Impacts","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11336","display_name":"Energy and Environment Impacts","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10190","display_name":"Air Quality and Health Impacts","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11002","display_name":"Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cooking-fuel","display_name":"cooking fuel","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-diseases","display_name":"respiratory diseases","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preschool-children","display_name":"preschool children","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dung-cake","display_name":"dung cake","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kerosene","display_name":"kerosene","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/household-air-pollution","display_name":"household air pollution","score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-poor-households","display_name":"urban poor households","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lucknow","display_name":"Lucknow","score":0.7609999775886536}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7146027088165283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778872837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113614","display_name":"Overcrowding","level":2,"score":0.6285029053688049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778289769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193837","display_name":"Bedroom","level":2,"score":0.5792655944824219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.5157582759857178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.4929194450378418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993183539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754447","display_name":"Respiratory infection","level":3,"score":0.42128023505210876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.35199230909347534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534529494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7891","display_name":"Respiratory system","level":2,"score":0.2898516058921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.1968711018562317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005511","descriptor_name":"Food Handling","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005579","descriptor_name":"Fossil Fuels","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006358","descriptor_name":"Hot Temperature","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007194","descriptor_name":"India","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007223","descriptor_name":"Infant","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008372","descriptor_name":"Manure","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011795","descriptor_name":"Surveys and Questionnaires","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012140","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Tract Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015995","descriptor_name":"Prevalence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1996.55.48","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1996.55.48","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1996.55.48","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100045985","display_name":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issn_l":"0002-9637","issn":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315658","host_organization_name":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315658"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:8702022","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8702022","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9940000176429749,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.800000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7096731464","https://openalex.org/W2915764457","https://openalex.org/W6964277086","https://openalex.org/W2411446062","https://openalex.org/W2036372324","https://openalex.org/W2945538179","https://openalex.org/W3033920360","https://openalex.org/W7202038867","https://openalex.org/W7000482139","https://openalex.org/W2726672254"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,115],"association":[1],"between":[2],"cooking":[3,84,154,213],"fuels":[4,85,124],"and":[5,52,72,86,95,135,151,200,215],"the":[6,64,81,92,178,218,221,239],"risk":[7,222],"of":[8,22,44,47,63,83,88,99,118,140,146,209,223,241],"respiratory":[9,100,119,159,224],"disease":[10,57,106,120,160],"in":[11,14,91,177,217],"preschool":[12],"children":[13],"Lucknow,":[15],"India":[16],"was":[17,75,121,156,175],"studied.":[18],"We":[19],"interviewed":[20],"mothers":[21],"650":[23],"study":[24],"children,":[25],"randomly":[26],"selected":[27],"from":[28],"among":[29],"28":[30],"urban":[31],"poor":[32],"neighborhoods.":[33],"Children":[34],"were":[35,39,107,126,203],"eligible":[36],"if":[37],"they":[38],"less":[40],"than":[41],"five":[42],"years":[43],"age,":[45],"free":[46],"congenital":[48],"heart":[49],"disease,":[50],"malignancy,":[51],"compromised":[53],"immune":[54],"status.":[55],"Respiratory":[56],"(defined":[58],"as":[59,153,174,212],"one":[60],"or":[61,148,231],"more":[62],"following:":[65],"runny":[66],"nose,":[67],"cough,":[68],"sore":[69],"throat,":[70],"breathlessness,":[71],"noisy":[73],"respiration)":[74],"assessed":[76],"by":[77],"observation.":[78],"Exposures":[79],"included":[80],"types":[82],"duration":[87],"their":[89],"use":[90],"last":[93],"week":[94],"other":[96],"potential":[97],"predictors":[98],"disease.":[101,207,225],"Odds":[102],"ratios":[103],"(ORs)":[104],"for":[105,109,184],"adjusted":[108],"covariables":[110],"using":[111],"multiple":[112],"logistic":[113],"regression.":[114],"point":[116],"prevalence":[117],"14.5%.":[122],"Cooking":[123],"used":[125],"wood":[127],"(56.0%),":[128],"kerosene":[129],"(24.2%),":[130],"coal":[131],"(19.2%),":[132],"gas":[133],"(15.4%),":[134],"dung":[136,141,150,210],"cakes":[137,211],"(8.6%).":[138],"Use":[139,208],"cakes,":[142],"a":[143],"sun-dried":[144],"mixture":[145],"cow":[147],"buffalo":[149],"straw,":[152],"fuel":[155,214],"associated":[157,205],"with":[158,206],"(adjusted":[161,180],"OR":[162,181],"=":[163,169,172,182,190,193],"2.69,":[164],"95%":[165,188],"confidence":[166],"interval":[167],"[CI]":[168],"1.37-5.31,":[170],"P":[171,192],"0.004),":[173],"overcrowding":[176,216],"bedroom":[179,219],"1.25":[183],"each":[185],"additional":[186],"person,":[187],"CI":[189],"1.11-1.41,":[191],"0.001).":[194],"Age,":[195],"weight,":[196],"gender,":[197],"family":[198],"income,":[199],"household":[201],"structure":[202],"not":[204],"increased":[220],"Interventions":[226],"to":[227,237],"modify":[228],"oven":[229],"design":[230],"install":[232],"chimneys":[233],"and,":[234],"where":[235],"feasible,":[236],"reduce":[238],"number":[240],"people":[242],"sleeping":[243],"together":[244],"should":[245],"be":[246],"considered.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
