{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1909024133","doi":null,"title":"Channel flows of granular materials and their rheological implications","display_name":"Channel flows of granular materials and their rheological implications","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1909024133","mag":"1909024133"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:authors.library.caltech.edu:179","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://authors.library.caltech.edu/179/1/AHN128.pdf","pdf_url":"https://authors.library.caltech.edu/179/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402161","display_name":"CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","host_organization_name":"California Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Book Section"},"volume":null,"type":"book-chapter","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://authors.library.caltech.edu/179/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027121645","display_name":"Hojin Ahn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9010-2806","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9010-2806"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hojin Ahn","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9010-2806","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108787508","display_name":"Christopher Earls Brennen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher E. Brennen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10615","display_name":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","score":0.975600004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10615","display_name":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","score":0.975600004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11379","display_name":"Rheology and Fluid Dynamics Studies","score":0.013899999670684338,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1507","display_name":"Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12350","display_name":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","score":0.00279999990016222,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1507","display_name":"Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/granular-flow","display_name":"granular flow","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-flow","display_name":"channel flow","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/granular-rheology","display_name":"granular rheology","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-particle-collisions","display_name":"particle-particle collisions","score":0.597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-wall-collision","display_name":"particle-wall collision","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extensional-flow","display_name":"extensional flow","score":0.5920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hopper-flow","display_name":"hopper flow","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrostatic-forces","display_name":"electrostatic forces","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/granular-cohesion","display_name":"granular cohesion","score":0.5600000023841858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200990466","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q271707","display_name":"Rheology","level":2,"score":0.847651481628418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.6313250660896301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182748727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178932","display_name":"Reynolds number","level":3,"score":0.6108876466751099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127172972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128709","display_name":"Viscosity","level":2,"score":0.5699148178100586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778517922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7140482","display_name":"Particle (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.5681116580963135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165682214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461293","display_name":"Shear rate","level":3,"score":0.5016336441040039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135768490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2250602","display_name":"Shear flow","level":2,"score":0.45614027976989746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.3632594645023346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.322231650352478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.29092007875442505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.18446099758148193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1506340205669403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196558001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190132","display_name":"Turbulence","level":2,"score":0.0975848138332367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:authors.library.caltech.edu:179","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://authors.library.caltech.edu/179/1/AHN128.pdf","pdf_url":"https://authors.library.caltech.edu/179/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402161","display_name":"CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","host_organization_name":"California Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Book Section"},{"id":"mag:1909024133","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://authors.library.caltech.edu/179/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306466962","display_name":"Butterworth-Heinemann eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320301","host_organization_name":"Butterworth\u2013Heinemann","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320301"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Butterworth\u2013Heinemann"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Butterworth-Heinemann eBooks","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:authors.library.caltech.edu:179","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://authors.library.caltech.edu/179/1/AHN128.pdf","pdf_url":"https://authors.library.caltech.edu/179/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402161","display_name":"CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","host_organization_name":"California Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Book Section"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1909024133.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1909024133.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W344030351","https://openalex.org/W1557626936","https://openalex.org/W1748350598","https://openalex.org/W1968392349","https://openalex.org/W1974700774","https://openalex.org/W1978893684","https://openalex.org/W1979466953","https://openalex.org/W1980843185","https://openalex.org/W1981911509","https://openalex.org/W1990910413","https://openalex.org/W1998172698","https://openalex.org/W2023777236","https://openalex.org/W2025105413","https://openalex.org/W2045815910","https://openalex.org/W2047644725","https://openalex.org/W2050515501","https://openalex.org/W2051970536","https://openalex.org/W2060441522","https://openalex.org/W2073344144","https://openalex.org/W2076247186","https://openalex.org/W2080646760","https://openalex.org/W2082362994","https://openalex.org/W2082599901","https://openalex.org/W2083296735","https://openalex.org/W2087906711","https://openalex.org/W2094546474","https://openalex.org/W2116899033","https://openalex.org/W2120565268","https://openalex.org/W2123861998","https://openalex.org/W2139417932","https://openalex.org/W2144411887","https://openalex.org/W2146216970","https://openalex.org/W2155731760","https://openalex.org/W2155955559","https://openalex.org/W2162153590","https://openalex.org/W2165246734","https://openalex.org/W2165560442","https://openalex.org/W2168791761","https://openalex.org/W2946303524"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7134187244","https://openalex.org/W2165246734","https://openalex.org/W2007143411","https://openalex.org/W4386010925","https://openalex.org/W2079151581","https://openalex.org/W4255074744","https://openalex.org/W2781171607","https://openalex.org/W2026733148","https://openalex.org/W622489051","https://openalex.org/W2007117680"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"the":[1,23,42,70,79,86,88,96,113,130,139,152,156,168,172,190,203,215,224,230,235,238,246,260,270,277,280,284,295,301,307,320,327,346,350,353,386,399,402,444,450,455,459,490,505],"flow":[2,403],"of":[3,56,69,73,82,95,112,279,385,394,401,409,413,415,428,454,466,468,481,483],"a":[4,19,176,183,197,405,426],"dry":[5],"granular":[6,45,57,378,507],"material":[7,46,58,379,508],"down":[8],"an":[9,93,479],"inclined":[10],"channel":[11,74],"may":[12,36],"seem":[13],"at":[14,323],"first":[15],"sight":[16],"to":[17,30,52,92,100,109,149,300,500],"be":[18,37,64,180,339,359,423,487,501],"relatively":[20],"simple":[21],"flow,":[22],"experiments":[24],"which":[25,35,115,129,155,167,199,498],"have":[26,90,373],"been":[27],"conducted":[28],"up":[29],"now":[31],"suggest":[32],"sufficient":[33],"complexity":[34],"present":[38],"in":[39,103,118,128,137,154,166,171,193,234,304,361,367,377,418,449,489],"all":[40,482],"but":[41],"very":[43,134],"simplest":[44,506],"flows;":[47],"consequently":[48],"it":[49,106],"is":[50,107,196,223,229,245,404,475],"important":[51,191,335,496],"our":[53],"general":[54],"understanding":[55,94,480],"rheology":[59,157,261,400],"that":[60,151,189,252,294,477],"these":[61,83,416,484],"experimental":[62],"observations":[63,89],"fully":[65],"understood.":[66],"This":[67,315],"review":[68,316,420,440],"current":[71],"knowledge":[72],"flows":[75,84,127,240,303,322,363,465],"will":[76,317,441,486],"focus":[77,123,318,463],"on":[78,125,319,398,464],"basic":[80],"mechanics":[81],"and":[85,165,218,227,266,290,352,435,452,471],"contributions":[87],"made":[91],"rheology.":[97,140],"In":[98,141,237],"order":[99],"make":[101],"progress":[102],"this":[104,194,439],"objective,":[105],"necessary":[108,488],"avoid":[110],"some":[111,362,495],"complications":[114],"can":[116,338,358],"occur":[117],"practice.":[119],"Thus":[120],"we":[121,200,462],"shall":[122,201],"only":[124],"those":[126,366],"interstitial":[131,173,219,281,328,436],"fluid":[132,174,220,282,329,437],"plays":[133],"little":[135],"role":[136,178],"determining":[138],"his":[142],"classic":[143],"paper,":[144],"Bagnold":[145,204,243,249],"(1954)":[146,250],"was":[147,158,255,262,311],"able":[148],"show":[150],"regime":[153],"dominated":[159,263],"by":[160,182,208,242,264,341,447],"particle/particle":[161,265],"or":[162,348],"particle/wall":[163,267],"interactions":[164],"viscous":[169],"stresses":[170],"played":[175,283],"negligible":[177],"could":[179],"defined":[181,207],"single,":[184],"Reynolds-number-like":[185],"parameter.":[186],"It":[187,474],"transpires":[188],"component":[192],"parameter":[195],"number":[198],"call":[202],"number,":[205],"Ba,":[206],"Ba":[209,254,274,325],"=":[210],"p\u2088d\u00b2\u03b4/\u00b5F":[211],"where":[212,326],"p\u2088,\u00b5F":[213],"are":[214,331,388],"particle":[216,225],"density":[217],"viscosity,":[221],"d":[222],"diameter":[226],"\u03b4":[228,244],"principal":[231],"velocity":[232,309],"gradient":[233,310],"flow.":[236],"shear":[239,247],"explored":[241],"rate.":[248],"found":[251],"when":[253,382],"greater":[256],"than":[257],"about":[258],"450":[259],"collisions.":[268],"On":[269],"other":[271],"hand,":[272],"for":[273,313,458,503],"<":[275],"40,":[276],"viscosity":[278],"dominant":[285],"role.":[286],"More":[287],"recently":[288],"Zeininger":[289],"Brennen":[291],"(1985)":[292],"showed":[293],"same":[296],"criteria":[297],"were":[298],"applicable":[299],"extensional":[302,308],"hoppers":[305],"provided":[306],"used":[312],"\u03b4.":[314],"simpler":[321],"large":[324],"effects":[330,337,357,376,417,445,485],"small.":[332],"\\n":[333,431],"\\nOther":[334],"ancillary":[336],"caused":[340,446],"electrical":[342,375,396,434],"charge":[343],"separation":[344],"between":[345,349],"particles":[347,351,467],"boundary":[354],"walls.":[355],"Such":[356],"essential":[360],"such":[364,395],"as":[365,425],"electrostatic":[368],"copying":[369],"machines.":[370],"Most":[371],"experimenters":[372],"observed":[374],"flows,":[380],"particularly":[381],"metal":[383],"components":[384],"structure":[387],"not":[389,422],"properly":[390],"grounded.":[391],"The":[392,411],"effect":[393],"forces":[397],"largely":[406],"unexplored":[407],"area":[408],"research.":[410],"lack":[412],"discussion":[414],"\\nthis":[419],"should":[421],"interpreted":[424],"dismissal":[427],"their":[429],"importance.":[430],"\\nApart":[432],"from":[433],"effects,":[438],"also":[442],"neglect":[443],"non-uniformities":[448],"size":[451],"shape":[453,470],"particles.":[456],"Thus,":[457],"most":[460],"part,":[461],"spherical":[469],"uniform":[472],"size.":[473],"clear":[476],"while":[478],"long":[491],"term,":[492],"there":[493],"remain":[494],"issues":[497],"need":[499],"resolved":[502],"even":[504],"flows.":[509]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}