{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1908590842","doi":null,"title":"Racial disparity in the incidence and case-fatality of colorectal cancer: analysis of 329 United States counties.","display_name":"Racial disparity in the incidence and case-fatality of colorectal cancer: analysis of 329 United States counties.","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1908590842","mag":"1908590842","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9107433"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:9107433","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9107433","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035943624","display_name":"Gregory S. Cooper","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1673-440X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1673-440X","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1019-4326"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58956616","display_name":"Case Western Reserve University","ror":"https://ror.org/051fd9666","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G S Cooper","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100603166","display_name":"Zuyi Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4141-0298","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4141-0298"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Z Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111496813","display_name":"Alfred A. Rimm","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A A Rimm","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9632,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":62,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75729138,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"4","first_page":"283","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10552","display_name":"Colorectal Cancer Screening and Detection","score":0.6279000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10552","display_name":"Colorectal Cancer Screening and Detection","score":0.6279000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10556","display_name":"Global Cancer Incidence and Screening","score":0.3352000117301941,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.03269999846816063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colorectal-cancer","display_name":"colorectal cancer","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-disparities","display_name":"racial disparities","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/case-fatality","display_name":"case fatality","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-incidence","display_name":"cancer incidence","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-white-disparities","display_name":"black-white disparities","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-access","display_name":"health care access","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-screening","display_name":"cancer screening","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicare-beneficiaries","display_name":"Medicare beneficiaries","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geographic-variation-in-cancer-outcomes","display_name":"geographic variation in cancer outcomes","score":0.5920000076293945}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.826720118522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68443243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2786686","display_name":"Quartile","level":3,"score":0.8232383728027344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8084778785705566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.7480437755584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526805850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188874","display_name":"Colorectal cancer","level":3,"score":0.6301229596138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5412622690200806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187316915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q92307203","display_name":"Case fatality rate","level":3,"score":0.5399264693260193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778527826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1787017","display_name":"Cancer registry","level":3,"score":0.5208992958068848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.5098985433578491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179755657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58702","display_name":"Mortality rate","level":2,"score":0.45428040623664856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993757694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3254959","display_name":"Racial differences","level":3,"score":0.41377922892570496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992704333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5382717","display_name":"Cancer incidence","level":3,"score":0.4113501012325287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.33505886793136597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.26205360889434814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.21060186624526978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.1939561665058136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001741","descriptor_name":"Black or African American","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006278","descriptor_name":"Medicare","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015179","descriptor_name":"Colorectal Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015179","descriptor_name":"Colorectal Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015331","descriptor_name":"Cohort Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015994","descriptor_name":"Incidence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015996","descriptor_name":"Survival Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044383","descriptor_name":"Black People","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D044465","descriptor_name":"White People","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:9107433","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9107433","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.934.8876","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.934.8876","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://cebp.aacrjournals.org/content/6/4/283.full.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:1908590842","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9107433","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.98580002784729,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"score":0.9629999995231628,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2012335331","https://openalex.org/W2017803351","https://openalex.org/W2045494405","https://openalex.org/W2070156049","https://openalex.org/W2075078141","https://openalex.org/W2077226702","https://openalex.org/W2104333617","https://openalex.org/W2159035726","https://openalex.org/W2328214062"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2294317374","https://openalex.org/W2106163181","https://openalex.org/W4206992708","https://openalex.org/W7098822984","https://openalex.org/W2892064983","https://openalex.org/W2413588521","https://openalex.org/W2024082995","https://openalex.org/W3107307218","https://openalex.org/W6960057149","https://openalex.org/W3108194860"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,15,55,61,66,90,108,138,141,148,182,227],"United":[2,62],"States,":[3],"blacks":[4,88,120,158,177,185],"have":[5],"higher":[6,116],"death":[7],"rates":[8,98,126,150,167],"from":[9],"colon":[10,212],"cancer":[11,49,75,213],"than":[12,117],"whites,":[13],"and":[14,28,70,77,92,95,102,124,157,164,176,215,220,232,248],"survival":[16,199],"disparity":[17,197,237],"may":[18,223,241],"be":[19],"due":[20],"in":[21,25,32,50,54,60,89,198,202,211,230,245],"part":[22],"to":[23,64,74,247],"differences":[24,225],"screening":[26,231],"programs":[27],"acute":[29],"medical":[30],"care":[31,251],"counties":[33,59,188,210],"with":[34,45,140],"a":[35],"high":[36],"concentration":[37],"of":[38,68,87,144,184,209,250],"blacks.":[39,145],"We":[40],"studied":[41],"148,947":[42],"Medicare":[43],"beneficiaries":[44],"newly":[46],"diagnosed":[47],"colorectal":[48],"1989-1991":[51],"who":[52],"resided":[53],"329":[56],"most":[57],"populous":[58],"States":[63],"determine":[65],"relationship":[67],"race":[69],"county":[71,228,239],"racial":[72,196,236],"composition":[73],"incidence":[76,94,110,149,214],"survival.":[78],"Counties":[79],"were":[80,99,127,189],"divided":[81],"into":[82,191],"quartiles":[83,240],"based":[84],"on":[85],"proportion":[86,143,183],"population,":[91],"aggregate":[93],"2-year":[96],"case-fatality":[97,125],"compared":[100],"within":[101,238],"between":[103,207],"quartiles.":[104],"Within":[105],"each":[106],"quartile,":[107],"adjusted":[109],"rate":[111],"for":[112,119,135,151,170,217,252],"whites":[113,131,153,172],"was":[114,200],"consistently":[115,128],"that":[118],"(P":[121,132,154,159,173,178],"<":[122,133],"0.0001),":[123],"lower":[129],"among":[130],"0.0001)":[134,156],"all":[136,203],"but":[137],"quartile":[139],"lowest":[142],"Between":[146],"quartiles,":[147],"both":[152,171,218],"=":[155,160,174,179],"0.008)":[161],"decreased":[162],"progressively,":[163],"case":[165],"fatality":[166],"increased":[168],"progressively":[169],"0.001)":[175],"0.007)":[180],"as":[181],"increased.":[186],"When":[187],"grouped":[190],"three":[192],"different":[193],"geographic":[194],"areas,":[195],"observed":[201],"regions.":[204],"The":[205],"variability":[206],"groups":[208],"mortality":[216],"white":[219],"black":[221,253],"patients":[222],"suggest":[224],"at":[226],"level":[229],"treatment.":[233],"However,":[234],"consistent":[235],"reflect":[242],"persistent":[243],"deficiencies":[244],"access":[246],"quality":[249],"patients.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
